Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Rm 143, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2012 Jul;199(1):W35-42. doi: 10.2214/AJR.11.8134.
MRI is currently the imaging modality of choice for the detection, characterization, and staging of rectal cancer. A variety of examinations have been used for preoperative staging of rectal cancer, including digital rectal examination, endorectal (endoscopic) ultrasound, CT, and MRI. Endoscopic ultrasound is the imaging modality of choice for small and small superficial tumors. MRI is superior to CT for assessing invasion to adjacent organs and structures, especially low tumors that carry a high risk of recurrence.
High-resolution MRI is an accurate and sensitive imaging method delineating tumoral margins, mesorectal involvement, nodes, and distant metastasis. In this article, we will review the utility of rectal MRI in local staging, preoperative evaluation, and surgical planning. MRI at 3 T can accurately delineate the mesorectal fascia involvement, which is one of the main decision points in planning treatment.
MRI 是目前用于检测、特征描述和分期直肠癌的首选成像方式。多种检查方法已用于直肠癌术前分期，包括直肠指检、直肠内（内镜）超声、CT 和 MRI。内镜超声是小肿瘤和小表浅肿瘤的首选成像方式。MRI 优于 CT 评估对邻近器官和结构的侵犯，特别是对高复发风险的低位肿瘤。
高分辨率 MRI 是一种准确和敏感的成像方法，可描绘肿瘤边界、直肠系膜受累、淋巴结和远处转移。在本文中，我们将回顾直肠 MRI 在局部分期、术前评估和手术计划中的应用。3T MRI 可准确描绘直肠系膜筋膜受累情况，这是治疗计划中的主要决策点之一。
