Schmidt Martin J, Klumpp Stephan, Amort Kerstin, Jawinski Sebastian, Kramer Martin
Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Small Animal Clinic, Justus-Liebig-University, Frankfurter Strasse 108, 35392 Giessen, Germany.
Vet Radiol Ultrasound. 2012 Mar-Apr;53(2):142-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1740-8261.2011.01887.x.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of brain lesions in 5 dogs and 2 cats characterized by extensive cystic changes of the cerebral hemispheres in terms of a porencephaly are presented. Age at diagnosis ranged from 12 weeks to 7 years. MRI findings were confined to the forebrain. Porencephalic lesions appeared as wedge-shaped parenchymal defects connecting the ventricular system and the subarachnoid space or as large cystic defects in the cerebral hemispheres. Although in two adult dogs the porencephalic lesions were asymptomatic, the other animals showed clinical symptoms depending on the affected cerebral area. Three animals had seizures. Interestingly, four animals showed neurological signs normally not localized to the forebrain (nystagmus, hypermetria, ataxia). Whether these clinical signs are related to impaired function of the cerebral cortex or to not recognizable lesions in the cerebello-vestibular system could not be further clarified. Although the defects develop intrauterine or postnatal, the clinical symptoms can occur later in life. The definition of porencephaly as well as its subclassification is not uniform in veterinary medicine. We suggest the term encephaloclastic porencephaly unregarding the underlying cause of the defect, which cannot be further specified by diagnostic imaging.
本文报告了5只犬和2只猫脑损伤的磁共振成像（MRI）特征，其特征为脑半球出现广泛的囊性改变，类似孔洞脑畸形。诊断时的年龄范围为12周龄至7岁。MRI检查结果局限于前脑。孔洞脑性病变表现为连接脑室系统和蛛网膜下腔的楔形实质缺损，或为脑半球的大囊性缺损。虽然两只成年犬的孔洞脑性病变无症状，但其他动物则根据受影响的脑区表现出临床症状。三只动物出现癫痫发作。有趣的是，四只动物表现出通常并非局限于前脑的神经症状（眼球震颤、动作过度、共济失调）。这些临床症状是与大脑皮层功能受损有关，还是与小脑 - 前庭系统中无法识别的病变有关，尚无法进一步明确。虽然这些缺损在子宫内或出生后就已形成，但临床症状可能在生命后期出现。在兽医学中，孔洞脑畸形的定义及其分类并不统一。我们建议使用脑破坏性孔洞脑畸形这一术语，而不考虑缺损的潜在原因，因为诊断成像无法进一步明确其原因。
