School of Natural Resources and the Environment and Laboratory for Tree Ring Research, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
New Phytol. 2012 Aug;195(3):541-559. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04204.x. Epub 2012 Jun 27.
The leaves of many plants emit isoprene (2-methyl-1,3-butadiene) to the atmosphere, a process which has important ramifications for global and regional atmospheric chemistry. Quantitation of leaf isoprene emission and its response to environmental variation are described by empirically derived equations that replicate observed patterns, but have been linked only in some cases to known biochemical and physiological processes. Furthermore, models have been proposed from several independent laboratories, providing multiple approaches for prediction of emissions, but with little detail provided as to how contrasting models are related. In this review we provide an analysis as to how the most commonly used models have been validated, or not, on the basis of known biochemical and physiological processes. We also discuss the multiple approaches that have been used for modeling isoprene emission rate with an emphasis on identifying commonalities and contrasts among models, we correct some mathematical errors that have been propagated through the models, and we note previously unrecognized covariances within processes of the models. We come to the conclusion that the state of isoprene emission modeling remains highly empirical. Where possible, we identify gaps in our knowledge that have prevented us from achieving a greater mechanistic foundation for the models, and we discuss the insight and data that must be gained to fill those gaps.
许多植物的叶子会向大气中排放异戊二烯（2-甲基-1,3-丁二烯），这一过程对全球和区域大气化学有着重要的影响。通过经验推导的方程可以描述叶子异戊二烯排放及其对环境变化的响应，这些方程可以复制观察到的模式，但在某些情况下仅与已知的生化和生理过程有关联。此外，已有多个独立实验室提出了模型，为排放预测提供了多种方法，但对于不同模型之间的关系，提供的细节很少。在这篇综述中，我们根据已知的生化和生理过程，分析了最常用的模型是如何得到验证的，或者没有得到验证。我们还讨论了用于模拟异戊二烯排放率的多种方法，重点是识别模型之间的共性和差异，我们纠正了模型中传播的一些数学错误，并注意到模型中以前未被识别的过程协方差。我们得出的结论是，异戊二烯排放模型仍然高度经验化。在可能的情况下，我们确定了阻碍我们为模型建立更具机制基础的知识空白，并讨论了必须获得哪些见解和数据来填补这些空白。
