Division of Urology, Buddhist Tzu-Chi General Hospital, Taipei Branch, Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
Med Sci Monit. 2012 Jul;18(7):RA118-25. doi: 10.12659/msm.883201.
Recent studies substantiate a model of the tunica albuginea of the corpora cavernosa as a bi-layered structure with a 360° complete inner circular layer and a 300° incomplete outer longitudinal coat spanning from the bulbospongiosus and ischiocavernosus proximally and extending continuously into the distal ligament within the glans penis. The anatomical location and histology of the distal ligament invites convincing parallels with the quadrupedal os penis and therefore constitutes potential evidence of the evolutionary process. In the corpora cavernosa, a chamber design is responsible for facilitating rigid erections. For investigating its venous factors exclusively, hemodynamic studies have been performed on both fresh and defrosted human male cadavers. In each case, a rigid erection was unequivocally attainable following venous removal. This clearly has significant ramifications in relation to penile venous surgery and its role in treating impotent patients. One deep dorsal vein, 2 cavernosal veins and 2 pairs of para-arterial veins (as opposed to 1 single vein) are situated between Buck's fascia and the tunica albuginea. These newfound insights into penile tunical, venous anatomy and erection physiology were inspired by and, in turn, enhance clinical applications routinely encountered by physicians and surgeons, such as penile morphological reconstruction, penile implantation and penile venous surgery.
最近的研究证实，海绵体的白膜是一种双层结构，具有 360°完整的内环形层和 300°不完整的外纵层，从球海绵体肌和坐骨海绵体肌近端延伸，连续延伸到阴茎头部的远端韧带内。远端韧带的解剖位置和组织学与四足动物的阴茎骨有令人信服的相似之处，因此构成了进化过程的潜在证据。在海绵体中，腔室设计有助于实现坚硬的勃起。为了专门研究其静脉因素，对新鲜和解冻的男性尸体进行了血流动力学研究。在每种情况下，静脉切除后都可以明确实现坚硬的勃起。这与阴茎静脉手术及其在治疗阳痿患者中的作用有明显的关系。一条深部背静脉、两条海绵体静脉和两对副动脉静脉（而不是 1 条静脉）位于Buck筋膜和白膜之间。这些对阴茎带、静脉解剖和勃起生理学的新发现受到启发，并反过来增强了医生和外科医生经常遇到的临床应用，如阴茎形态重建、阴茎植入和阴茎静脉手术。
