Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973-5000, USA.
Health Phys. 2012 Aug;103(2 Suppl 2):S151-60. doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e318259501f.
The High Flux Beam Reactor (HFBR) at the Brookhaven National Laboratory was a heavy-water cooled and moderated reactor that achieved criticality on 31 October 1965. It operated at a power level of 40 mega-watts. An equipment upgrade in 1982 allowed operations at 60 mega-watts. After a 1989 reactor shutdown to reanalyze safety impact of a hypothetical loss of coolant accident, the reactor was restarted in 1991 at 30 mega-watts. The HFBR was shut down in December 1996 for routine maintenance and refueling. At that time, a leak of tritiated water was identified by routine sampling of ground water from wells located adjacent to the reactor's spent fuel pool. The reactor remained shut down for almost 3 y for safety and environmental reviews. In November 1999, the United States Department of Energy decided to permanently shut down the HFBR. The decontamination and decommissioning of the HFBR complex, consisting of multiple structures and systems to operate and maintain the reactor, were complete in 2009 after removing and shipping off all the control rod blades. The emptied and cleaned HFBR dome, which still contains the irradiated reactor vessel is presently under 24/7 surveillance for safety. Details of the HFBR's cleanup performed during 1999-2009, to allow the BNL facilities to be re-accessed by the public, will be described in the paper.
布鲁克海文国家实验室的高通量束反应堆（HFBR）是一个重水冷却和慢化反应堆，于 1965 年 10 月 31 日达到临界状态。它的运行功率为 40 兆瓦。1982 年的一次设备升级允许其在 60 兆瓦下运行。1989 年反应堆停堆，重新分析假设的冷却剂损失事故的安全影响后，该反应堆于 1991 年以 30 兆瓦的功率重新启动。HFBR 于 1996 年 12 月因例行维护和加油而关闭。当时，通过对紧邻反应堆乏燃料池的水井进行常规地下水取样，发现了氚化水的泄漏。由于安全和环境审查，反应堆停堆近 3 年。1999 年 11 月，美国能源部决定永久关闭 HFBR。HFBR 建筑群的去污和退役工作，包括多个用于操作和维护反应堆的结构和系统，在拆除并运走所有控制棒叶片后，于 2009 年完成。 emptied and cleaned HFBR 穹顶，其中仍然包含辐照的反应堆容器，目前正在进行 24/7 安全监测。本文将介绍 1999 年至 2009 年期间 HFBR 的清理工作细节，以便公众重新进入 BNL 设施。
