Wanke E M, Mill H, Groneberg D A
Abteilung für Tanzmedizin, Institut für Arbeitsmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin.
Sportverletz Sportschaden. 2012 Sep;26(3):164-70. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1312947. Epub 2012 Jun 28.
The perennial training and education to become a professional dancer is associated with maximum physical and psychic stress. These challenges fall into a period of utmost changes caused by adolescence. As a consequence, acute injuries may occur that - depending on the degree of severity - could endanger the education. The aim of this study was to analyse acute injuries, their causes and mechanisms with regard to gender-specific aspects in students of a state ballet school. These data may provide the basis to work out individual institution-centred injury prevention concepts.
The data for the evaluation were obtained from occupational accident reports, accident documentations of various Berlin theatres as well as case records of a State Ballet School (n = 480, m: 120, w: 360) of the Berlin State Accident Insurance (UKB). Evaluation and descriptive statistics were conducted with Excel 2007 and PASW Statistics 18.
One of three dance students is injured at least once a year. One out of ten accidents is classified as severe. The lower extremity is the most frequent localisation (67.8 %; m: 57.6 %, w: 73.0 %). There are age- and gender-specific particularities. The main acute injured body structures are joints and ligaments (69.5 %). Contusions (23 %), distorsions (33 %) and muscular strains (20 %) are the most frequent types of injuries. There is a correlation between the time of the day and the incidence of injuries. Acute injuries in both genders are more frequently caused by multifactorial (70 %; f: 71.6 %, m: 64.5 %) than by exogenous factors (30 %; f: 28.4 %, m: 35.5 %). Exogenous objects initiating an accident are 'corridors/stairs' (f: 8.8 %, m: 13.7 %), followed by 'human being' (f: 7.5 %, m: 13.2 %) and 'dance floor' (f: 7.5 %, m: 5.7 %).
With due regard to gender, the results can be compared in many respects with those of professional dancers. There are various gender-specific differences in the acute injuries, reasons of which are numerous (e. g., the monospecific education/training, early specialisation, gender-specific differences concerning work contents). Incipient stages of injury prevention are as complex as the versatility of dance movements.
成为一名专业舞者需要长期的训练和教育，这伴随着极大的身体和精神压力。这些挑战正处于青春期带来的巨大变化时期。因此，可能会发生急性损伤，根据严重程度不同，这些损伤可能会危及学业。本研究的目的是分析一所国立芭蕾舞学校学生急性损伤的情况、原因及机制，并探讨性别差异。这些数据可为制定以机构为中心的个性化损伤预防方案提供依据。
评估数据来自职业事故报告、柏林各剧院的事故记录以及柏林州事故保险（UKB）的一所国立芭蕾舞学校（n = 480，男：120，女：360）的病例记录。使用Excel 2007和PASW Statistics 18进行评估和描述性统计。
每三名舞蹈学生中就有一人每年至少受伤一次。每十起事故中有一起被归类为严重事故。下肢是最常受伤的部位（67.8%；男：57.6%，女：73.0%）。存在年龄和性别特异性差异。主要的急性受伤身体结构是关节和韧带（69.5%）。挫伤（23%）、扭伤（33%）和肌肉拉伤（20%）是最常见的损伤类型。一天中的不同时间与受伤发生率之间存在相关性。男女急性损伤多由多因素导致（70%；女性：71.6%，男性：64.5%），而非外源性因素（30%；女性：28.4%，男性：35.5%）。引发事故的外源性物体依次为“走廊/楼梯”（女性：8.8%，男性：13.7%）、“人”（女性：7.5%，男性：13.2%）和“舞池”（女性：7.5%，男性：5.7%）。
考虑到性别因素，本研究结果在许多方面可与专业舞者的情况相比较。急性损伤存在多种性别差异，原因众多（例如，单一专业的教育/训练、过早专业化、工作内容的性别差异）。损伤预防的初始阶段与舞蹈动作的多样性一样复杂。
