Almasi Tobias, Exner-Grave Elisabeth, Ohlendorf Daniela, Groneberg David A, Wanke Eileen M
Institute of Environmental, Social and Occupational Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany.
Section of Social Affairs, District of Soest, Department of Youth, Education and Social affairs, Soest, Germany.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2025 May 6;26(1):444. doi: 10.1186/s12891-025-08692-y.
The existing literature on pre-professional ballet students mostly reports on injury patterns, eating disorders, hormonal paramenters or other singular items whereas an overall description of anthropometric and orthopedic values of this particular study population can rarely be found. The aim of the present article was to anthropometrically and orthopedically describe the lower extremity of the typical vocational ballet student, establish a database and enable future comparisons.
In this study, n = 606 students (414 female, 192 male) of a governmental institution for vocational ballet in Germany, between the ages of 5 and 22 (Mean ±SD: 13.9 ±3.5) were examined by an experienced orthopedist and dance physician.
The average passive external rotation of the hip (ER) was 60° (±7.5) and 43.5° (±11.3) for the internal rotation (IR). The calculated range of motion (ROM) was 103.3° (±10.4). The mean tibial torsion (TT) was 22.4° (±6.3). The average calculated turnout (ER + TT) was 83.3° (±9.9) per leg. The passive dorsiflexion (DF) of the ankle was 23.6° (±4.7) and 70.1° (±7.5) for plantarflexion (PF). 52.5% of the examinees showed a splay foot. The passive DF of the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint was 88.9° (±6.3) and 62.3° (±5.2) for PF. The Pearson's correlation coefficient for age was r =.237/0.302 (right/left) with hip ER, r= -.634/0.537 (right/left) with hip IR, r =.11 (both sides) with ankle PF and r = -.0.253/-0.264 (right/left) with MTP joint DF of the big toe.
The typical vocational ballet student of our study showed a large ROM for hip ER, ankle PF and MTP joint DF of the big toe. Students were more flexible than examinees of previous studies and often achieved ballet-specific ideal values. Hence, it is very likely that a ballet-specific selection favours the generally large ROMs found in the present study. The data collected over the long period of twenty years can be seen as a limitation of the present study, as students selected at the beginning of that period might be very different to selected students at the end it. Furthermore, this study measured passive joint range of motion only.
现有关于职业芭蕾舞预备学生的文献大多报道了损伤模式、饮食失调、激素参数或其他单一项目，而对于这一特定研究人群的人体测量和骨科数值的全面描述却很少见。本文的目的是从人体测量和骨科方面描述典型职业芭蕾舞学生的下肢情况，建立一个数据库，并为未来的比较提供依据。
在本研究中，德国一所政府职业芭蕾舞机构的606名学生（414名女性，192名男性），年龄在5至22岁之间（平均±标准差：13.9±3.5），由一位经验丰富的骨科医生和舞蹈医生进行了检查。
髋关节平均被动外旋（ER）为60°（±7.5），内旋（IR）为43.5°（±11.3）。计算得出的活动范围（ROM）为103.3°（±10.4）。平均胫骨扭转（TT）为22.4°（±6.3）。每条腿的平均计算出的外开角度（ER+TT）为83.3°（±9.9）。踝关节的被动背屈（DF）为23.6°（±4.7），跖屈（PF）为70.1°（±7.5）。52.5%的受检者表现为扁平足。跖趾（MTP）关节的被动DF为88.9°（±6.3），PF为62.3°（±5.2）。年龄与髋关节ER的Pearson相关系数r = 0.237/0.302（右/左），与髋关节IR的r = -0.634/0.537（右/左），与踝关节PF的r = 0.11（双侧）以及与大脚趾MTP关节DF的r = -0.253/-0.264（右/左）。
我们研究中的典型职业芭蕾舞学生在髋关节ER、踝关节PF和大脚趾MTP关节DF方面表现出较大的ROM。学生们比先前研究的受检者更灵活，且经常达到芭蕾舞特定的理想数值。因此，很可能芭蕾舞特定的选拔倾向于本研究中普遍发现 的较大ROM。在二十年的长时间内收集的数据可被视为本研究的一个局限性，因为在这一时期开始时选拔的学生可能与结束时选拔的学生有很大不同。此外，本研究仅测量了关节的被动活动范围。
