Mitinskaia L A, Kufakova G A
Probl Tuberk. 1990(9):17-9.
Characteristic features of subjects of the VIA registration group (500 children and adolescents) observed by one of the Moscow children's polyclinic from 1983 to 1987 are given. The rate of primary contamination amounted to an average of 0.75% a year. 92.8% of children and adolescents were infected as a result of an unknown contact, while 7.2% of them had contact with relatives suffering from tuberculosis. In case of conversion of tuberculin reactions, hypersensitivity to tuberculin was seen in 12.2% of the patients and a year later in 4.6% the subjects with persistent hyperergy who were then transferred to the VIB registration group. The following risk factors of contaminating and contacting tuberculosis were found: contact with tuberculosis patients; immunization of poor quality or its absence; hypersensitivity to tuberculin; frequent acute respiratory viral infections and chronic diseases; and unfavourable social and living conditions. The number of these factors should be taken into account since with their growth, the rate of hyperergy and risk of developing the disease are higher. More thorough examination and controlled preventive chemotherapy at a sanatorium are required when 2 or more risk factors are available.
介绍了1983年至1987年期间莫斯科一家儿童综合诊所观察的VIA登记组（500名儿童和青少年）研究对象的特征。初次感染率平均每年为0.75%。92.8%的儿童和青少年是因不明接触而感染，而其中7.2%与患结核病的亲属有接触。结核菌素反应转化时，12.2%的患者出现对结核菌素过敏，一年后，4.6%持续过敏的研究对象被转入VIB登记组。发现了以下感染和接触结核病的风险因素：与结核病患者接触；免疫质量差或未进行免疫；对结核菌素过敏；频繁的急性呼吸道病毒感染和慢性病；以及不利的社会和生活条件。应考虑这些因素的数量，因为随着其数量增加，过敏率和患病风险更高。当存在2个或更多风险因素时，需要在疗养院进行更全面的检查和控制性预防性化疗。
