Faculty of Management, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
J Occup Health Psychol. 2012 Jul;17(3):259-67. doi: 10.1037/a0028401.
The objective of this article was to investigate the associations of the Job Demand Control-Support (JDC-S) model's components, job demands, job control, and work social support, as well as their interactive terms, with the risk of Type 2 diabetes. Participants were apparently healthy 5,843 men and women who underwent routine health checks at two points of time, about 41 months apart from one another. New cases of diabetes (N = 182) during follow-up period were defined based on fasting glucose value ≥ 126 mg/dl or glycosylated hemoglobin value ≥ 6.5% or self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes and taking medications to treat it. The measures for assessing workload (representing job demands), job control, and work social support were all based on validated scales constructed to test the JDC-S model. In testing the hypotheses, we used logistic regressions and controlled for well-established risk factors for diabetes, including sociodemographic, physiological, and behavioral risk factors. We also controlled for depressive symptoms. The hypothesis that the higher the baseline levels of work social support, the lower the risk of diabetes, was supported (Odd Ratio = .78, significant at the p < .05 level). In an exploratory analysis, workload was found to have a U-shaped relationship with diabetes risk. We did not find direct effects of job control nor of any interactive term including the JDC-S model components on diabetes risk. Work social support is a protective factor, reducing the risk of diabetes. Both underload and overload may increase the risk of diabetes.
本文旨在探讨工作需求控制-支持（JDC-S）模型的组成部分、工作需求、工作控制和工作社会支持及其交互项与 2 型糖尿病风险之间的关联。研究对象为 5843 名健康状况良好的男性和女性，他们在两个时间点接受了常规健康检查，两次检查的时间间隔约为 41 个月。随访期间的新糖尿病病例（N=182）根据空腹血糖值≥126mg/dl 或糖化血红蛋白值≥6.5%或自我报告的医生诊断为糖尿病并服用药物治疗来定义。评估工作量（代表工作需求）、工作控制和工作社会支持的测量均基于经过验证的量表，这些量表旨在测试 JDC-S 模型。在检验假设时，我们使用了逻辑回归，并控制了糖尿病的一些既定风险因素，包括社会人口统计学、生理和行为风险因素。我们还控制了抑郁症状。工作社会支持水平越高，患糖尿病风险越低的假设得到了支持（优势比=0.78，在 p<0.05 水平上具有统计学意义）。在一项探索性分析中，我们发现工作量与糖尿病风险呈 U 型关系。我们没有发现工作控制或包括 JDC-S 模型组成部分在内的任何交互项对糖尿病风险的直接影响。工作社会支持是一个保护因素，可以降低患糖尿病的风险。工作负荷不足和工作负荷过重都可能增加患糖尿病的风险。
