Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, QLD, Australia.
Curr Pharm Des. 2012;18(37):6090-100. doi: 10.2174/138161212803582360.
Opioid peptides and their G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are important regulators within the cardiovascular system, implicated in modulation of electrophysiological function, heart rate, myocardial inotropy, vascular function, and cellular stress resistance. The opioid system is also involved in cardiovascular development, adaptation to injury and effects of advanced age. The significant roles of opioids are emphasized by the observation that the heart produces prodynorphin and proenkephalin, which are enzymatically processed from small to large active polypeptides. Indeed, depending on species, cardiac preproenkephalin mRNA levels are comparable to or higher than those found in the central nervous system. This review highlights and discusses current knowledge and recent findings regarding physiological and pathophysiological modulation of the heart and vessels by the opioid receptor system.
阿片肽及其 G 蛋白偶联受体 (GPCR) 是心血管系统内的重要调节因子，参与调节电生理功能、心率、心肌收缩力、血管功能和细胞应激抵抗。阿片系统还参与心血管发育、对损伤的适应和老年的影响。观察到心脏产生前原啡肽和前脑啡肽，它们从小到大的活性多肽经酶解加工而成，这强调了阿片类物质的重要作用。事实上，取决于物种，心脏前原脑啡肽 mRNA 水平与中枢神经系统中发现的水平相当或更高。本文综述并讨论了阿片受体系统对心脏和血管的生理和病理生理学调节的最新知识和发现。
