ETH Zürich, Institute of Biochemistry, Zürich, Switzerland.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2012 Aug;15(4):490-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2012.05.016. Epub 2012 Jun 29.
Macropinocytosis has emerged as a major endocytic mechanism in the cell entry of animal viruses. The process differs fundamentally from other endocytic mechanisms involved in virus internalization. By activating growth factor receptors or other signaling molecules, plasma membrane-bound viruses trigger the activation of a signaling pathway. When amplified, this causes a transient, global change in cell behavior. The consequences of this change include the actin-dependent formation of membrane protrusions, the elevation of non-specific uptake of fluid, and the internalization of membrane together with surface-bound ligands and particles including viruses. Recent studies show that this strategy is used by a variety of enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
巨胞饮作用已成为动物病毒进入细胞的主要内吞作用机制。该过程与参与病毒内化的其他内吞作用机制有根本的不同。通过激活生长因子受体或其他信号分子，细胞膜结合的病毒触发信号通路的激活。当被放大时，这会导致细胞行为的瞬时、全局变化。这种变化的结果包括肌动蛋白依赖性的膜突起形成、非特异性摄取流体的增加，以及膜的内化以及表面结合的配体和颗粒（包括病毒）。最近的研究表明，这种策略被各种包膜和非包膜病毒所采用。
