Loneliness, coping strategies and cognitive styles of the gifted rural adolescent.

Loneliness, coping, and cognitive styles of 52 gifted adolescents from rural Nebraska were investigated via Woodward Loneliness and Kalyan-Masih Coping Inventories and Witkin's Group Embedded Figures Test. Fifty-one percent of the adolescents had a mean loneliness score above 2.60, which is the third highest among the 16 Nebraska groups studied. They were most lonely when rejected, alienated, isolated, and not in control of a situation. Most frequently, their coping strategies were: engaging in individual pursuits, extending social contacts, using cognitive reframing, and keeping busy. Less frequently, their strategies were: engaging in religious activities, seeking adult help, and using negative escape routes. The gifted adolescents were divided into field independent (FI) and field dependent (FD) according to their cognitive style. Some differences were noted. The FI adolescents were more lonely in a crowd, but the FD adolescents were more lonely when not with others. The FI adolescents engaged in individual pursuits and cognitive reframing, and the FD adolescents resorted to religious and physical activities or professional help as coping strategies. The FI adolescents showed more autonomy and self-reliance, while the FD adolescents relied more on external sources of support when coping with loneliness. Implications for counseling in home and school are discussed.