Zangerle M, Rathner G
Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 1997 Jul;47(7):240-8.
In this cross-sectional study the age-dependency of coping behaviours of 43 children and adolescents with IDDM aged 8 to 18 years has been assessed by means of the German version of the Kidcope (Rathner u. Zangerle 1996). Everyday stressors as well as disease-related stressors were used. Significant age-dependent differences in the frequency of coping behaviours could be found in all strategies except self-criticism. Especially distraction and wishful thinking were significantly more often used by children than by adolescents, whereas adolescent used significantly more often resignation. The more frequent use of resignation by adolescents is not due to a longer duration of illness, but to their developmental stage. Thus, in chronically ill children and adolescents developmental aspects showed a stronger influence on coping than duration of illness. Self-criticism, blaming of others and social withdrawal are as rarely used by children as by adolescents. Self-rated efficacy of coping strategies showed almost no age differences; social support was rated as the most efficient coping strategy by both age groups. Resignation, in the sense of a cognitive acceptance of the illness, seems to be more efficient for adolescents than for children. It is concluded that the developmental process of children and adolescents with chronic illnesses such as IDDM may lead to a better cognitive acceptance of the disease.
在这项横断面研究中，通过德文版的儿童应对量表（Kidcope，拉特纳和赞格勒，1996年）评估了43名8至18岁的胰岛素依赖型糖尿病（IDDM）儿童和青少年应对行为的年龄依赖性。研究使用了日常压力源以及与疾病相关的压力源。除自我批评外，在所有应对策略中均发现了应对行为频率存在显著的年龄依赖性差异。尤其是儿童比青少年更频繁地使用分心和如意算盘策略，而青少年则更频繁地使用听天由命策略。青少年更频繁地使用听天由命策略并非由于患病时间更长，而是由于他们所处的发育阶段。因此，在慢性病儿童和青少年中，发育因素对应对的影响比患病时长更大。儿童和青少年都很少使用自我批评、责怪他人和社交退缩策略。应对策略的自我效能评分几乎没有年龄差异；两个年龄组都将社会支持评为最有效的应对策略。从对疾病的认知接受角度来看，听天由命策略对青少年似乎比对儿童更有效。研究得出结论，患有诸如IDDM等慢性病的儿童和青少年的发育过程可能会使他们对疾病有更好的认知接受。
