Harrell W A, Reid E E
Centre for Experimental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 1990 Dec;22(6):531-42. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(90)90025-g.
Two hundred thirty-six preschool children who were accompanied by an adult were observed in 29 grocery stores. Observational techniques were used to record their likelihood of handling potentially hazardous products while shopping. Twenty-four percent of children handled such products one or more times. More than half of the subjects were confined in grocery cartseats while shopping. This confinement was observed to be the greatest deterrent to handling hazards, regardless of the child's age or the quality of parental supervision. More than 80% of adults left their children unattended on at least one occasion. Adult supervision became critical in preventing contact with hazards if children were not confined in cartseats, with the odds of handling hazards increasing where supervision was relaxed. Loglinear analysis showed that a child's age was also a major factor in predicting handling of hazards, with children older than 3 years more likely to handle hazards than those 3 years or younger. There was also a tendency for adult females to confine older girls more than boys in cartseats.
在29家杂货店对236名有成人陪伴的学龄前儿童进行了观察。采用观察技术记录他们购物时接触潜在危险产品的可能性。24%的儿童接触过此类产品一次或多次。超过一半的受试者在购物时被限制在购物车座位上。观察发现，这种限制是接触危险的最大威慑因素，无论孩子的年龄或家长监督的质量如何。超过80%的成年人至少有一次让孩子无人看管。如果孩子没有被限制在购物车座位上，成人监督对于防止接触危险至关重要，在监督放松的情况下接触危险的几率会增加。对数线性分析表明，孩子的年龄也是预测接触危险的一个主要因素，3岁以上的孩子比3岁及以下的孩子更有可能接触危险。成年女性也倾向于将年龄较大的女孩比男孩更多地限制在购物车座位上。
