Harrell W A
Centre for Experimental Sociology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
Accid Anal Prev. 1994 Aug;26(4):493-500. doi: 10.1016/0001-4575(94)90040-x.
Factors influencing the likelihood of near injuries to 235 children in grocery stores were investigated. Two-person research teams observed children and accompanying adults in 29 supermarkets. Injuries, positioning of children in or around a grocery cart, handling of hazards, attempts to climb in or out of the cart, parental monitoring, and demographic features of the child and adult were recorded. Ten of the 235 children (4.3%) suffered minor injuries. The overall injury rate was equivalent to 43 injuries per 1,000 child shopping visits. The major predictor of injuries was being inside the shopping cart versus in the cartseat or outside the cart. Most at risk were children over the age of three inside the cart who attempted to climb out and who received poor adult supervision. Risk of injury for this group was more than six times the risk of injury for the entire sample. A majority of injuries were scrapes, pinches, or bumps that were the result of falling within the cart basket. Attempts to climb out of the cart were also associated with injury. Placing the child outside the grocery cart reduced the risk of injury. In conjunction with this, carts with shallow or small baskets may discourage parents from placing children in carts, thereby reducing the risk of injury. While duration of shopping trip was not significantly related to risk of injury, there was a tendency for accidents to occur when shopping trips exceeded 23 minutes.
研究了影响235名在杂货店的儿童发生轻伤可能性的因素。两人研究小组在29家超市观察儿童及其陪同的成年人。记录了受伤情况、儿童在购物车内部或周围的位置、危险处理情况、进出购物车的尝试、家长的监护情况以及儿童和成年人的人口统计学特征。235名儿童中有10名（4.3%）受了轻伤。总体受伤率相当于每1000次儿童购物中有43起受伤事件。受伤的主要预测因素是在购物车内而非在车座上或车外。风险最高的是车内三岁以上试图爬出来且成人监护不力的儿童。该组的受伤风险是整个样本受伤风险的六倍多。大多数受伤是擦伤、夹伤或碰撞伤，是在购物车篮子内摔倒所致。试图爬出购物车也与受伤有关。把孩子放在购物车外可降低受伤风险。与此相关的是，篮子浅或小的购物车可能会使家长不愿把孩子放在车内，从而降低受伤风险。虽然购物时间长短与受伤风险没有显著关联，但当购物时间超过23分钟时，有事故发生的倾向。
