Department of Public Health, College of Health Care and Management, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2012 Sep;22(5):489-95. doi: 10.1038/jes.2012.55. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
A large number of diesel vehicles carrying gravel and sand shuttle back and forth every day on the major thoroughfares (Tai-16 and Tai-21) from Shinyi to Jiji in Nantou, Taiwan. A total of 10 stations along the major thoroughfares were selected as the exposure sites, whereas a small village located ∼9 km from a main traffic route was selected as the control site. Outdoor and indoor aerosol samples were collected using high-volume samplers and Harvard samplers, respectively. The metal concentrations of outdoor and indoor PM(10) at the exposure sites were, respectively, higher than those at the control site. The plots between metal contents in the aerosols and road dust showed that diesel vehicles contributed significant amounts of metals to the outdoor and indoor aerosols at the exposure sites. Household dust samples along the roadside within 30 m of the main road in the small towns were collected using the wipe method. Based on the results of principal component analysis (PCA), three major components for household dust were identified: resuspended from road dust, brake wear and diesel emissions. Enrichment factors were applied to assess the contribution of pollution sources to household dust. These factors were calculated with respect to unpolluted river dust samples (EF(river)) and road dust (EF(road)). The differences between EF(river) and EF(road) could be mainly attributed to the effects of resuspension by passing vehicles. Approximately 72%, 68%, 68%, 73% and 86% of the vehicle-related metals Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Mo content, respectively, in household dust were the result of the resuspension of road dust by passing vehicles. The data of daily intakes of five metals (i.e., Fe, Pb, Cu, Ni and Mo) from inhalation and ingestion pathways showed that the doses from the ingestion pathway were much higher than those from the inhalation pathway.
大量的运输砂石的柴油车每天穿梭于台湾南投集集至仁爱乡的主要干道（台 16 线及台 21 线）上。总共选择了主干道沿线的 10 个站点作为暴露点，而一个距离主要交通路线约 9 公里的小村庄则被选为对照点。使用大容量采样器和哈佛采样器分别采集室外和室内气溶胶样本。暴露点室外和室内 PM10 中的金属浓度分别高于对照点。气溶胶中金属含量与道路灰尘之间的关系表明，柴油车向暴露点的室外和室内气溶胶贡献了大量金属。使用擦拭法在小镇主路旁 30 米范围内采集路边住户灰尘样本。基于主成分分析（PCA）的结果，确定了路边住户灰尘的三个主要成分：道路灰尘的再悬浮、刹车磨损和柴油排放。采用富集因子来评估污染源对住户灰尘的贡献。这些因子是相对于未污染的河流灰尘样本（EF(river)) 和道路灰尘（EF(road)) 计算的。EF(river) 和 EF(road) 之间的差异主要归因于过往车辆引起的再悬浮效应。大约 72%、68%、68%、73%和 86%的住户灰尘中与车辆相关的金属 Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni 和 Mo 含量分别是过往车辆引起的道路灰尘再悬浮的结果。通过吸入和摄入途径每日摄入的五种金属（即 Fe、Pb、Cu、Ni 和 Mo）的数据表明，摄入途径的剂量远高于吸入途径。
