Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2012 Jul;2(7):a007070. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a007070.
Mounting evidence suggests a role for innate immunity in the early control of HIV infection, before the induction of adaptive immune responses. Among the early innate immune effector cells, dendritic cells (DCs) respond rapidly following infection aimed at arming the immune system, through the recognition of viral products via pattern recognition receptors. This early response results in the potent induction of a cascade of inflammatory cytokines, intimately involved in directly setting up an antiviral state, and indirectly activating other antiviral cells of the innate immune system. However, epidemiologic data strongly support a role for natural killer (NK) cells as critical innate mediators of antiviral control, through the recognition of virally infected cells through a network of receptors called the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). In this review, the early events in innate immune recognition of HIV, focused on defining the biology underlying KIR-mediated NK-cell control of HIV viral replication, are discussed.
越来越多的证据表明，先天免疫在适应性免疫反应诱导之前，在 HIV 感染的早期控制中发挥作用。在早期的先天免疫效应细胞中，树突状细胞 (DC) 在感染后迅速作出反应，通过模式识别受体识别病毒产物，从而为免疫系统提供武装。这种早期反应导致强烈诱导一连串炎症细胞因子，这些细胞因子直接建立抗病毒状态，并间接激活先天免疫系统的其他抗病毒细胞。然而，流行病学数据强烈支持自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞作为抗病毒控制的关键先天介质的作用，通过一系列称为杀伤免疫球蛋白样受体 (KIR) 的受体识别病毒感染的细胞。在这篇综述中，讨论了先天免疫识别 HIV 的早期事件，重点是确定 KIR 介导的 NK 细胞控制 HIV 病毒复制的生物学基础。
