Tsukiura Takashi
Department of Cognitive and Behavioral Science, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Brain Nerve. 2012 Jul;64(7):743-51.
When we encounter someone in our dairy lives, we have some impressions of that person. Previous psychological studies have reported that the impressions for ather people affect memory for faces of other people. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of face-based impressions on memory for faces. The goal of this review article is to review functional neuroimaging findings which investigate neural activations related to the effects of facial expressions, attractiveness, and trustworthiness on memory for faces, and to propose a functional model regarding the memory processing of faces. Three major findings emerged from this review. First, face-based positive signals, including the smiling expression and facial attractiveness, enhanced memory for faces, and the memory enhancement was involved in an interaction between activities in the reward-related orbitofrontal cortex and the memory-related hippocampus. Second, the information of untrustworthiness conveyed from faces enhanced the remembering of faces, and an interaction between activities in the punishment-related insula and the memory-related hippocampus contributed to this memory enhancement. Third, the processing of facial attractiveness highly correlated with the processing of trustworthiness, and the orbitofrontal and insular cortices, in which activities were negatively correlated, showed significant activations in each process of face-based positive and negative signals. Memory for faces could be organized by the "core" system, which is involved in the basic memory process of faces, and the "sub" system, which is important in the modulation of memory for faces.
在日常生活中遇到某人时，我们会对那个人形成一些印象。先前的心理学研究报告称，对他人的印象会影响对其他人面孔的记忆。然而，基于面孔的印象对面孔记忆产生影响的神经机制却鲜为人知。这篇综述文章的目的是回顾功能神经影像学研究结果，这些研究调查了与面部表情、吸引力和可信度对面孔记忆的影响相关的神经激活情况，并提出一个关于面孔记忆处理的功能模型。这篇综述得出了三个主要发现。第一，基于面孔的积极信号，包括微笑表情和面部吸引力，增强了对面孔的记忆，而这种记忆增强涉及奖励相关的眶额皮质和记忆相关的海马体活动之间的相互作用。第二，面孔传达出的不可信信息增强了对面孔的记忆，惩罚相关的脑岛和记忆相关的海马体活动之间的相互作用促成了这种记忆增强。第三，面部吸引力的处理与可信度的处理高度相关，眶额皮质和脑岛皮质在其中活动呈负相关，在基于面孔的积极和消极信号的每个过程中都显示出显著激活。面孔记忆可以由参与面孔基本记忆过程的“核心”系统和对面孔记忆调节很重要的“子”系统来组织。
