Ptok M, Meyer S, Ptok A
Klinik für Phoniatrie und Pädaudiologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, OE 6510, 30623, Hannover, Deutschland.
HNO. 2012 Oct;60(10):913-8. doi: 10.1007/s00106-012-2550-x.
The remarkable quality of modern hearing aids enables most hearing impaired individuals to take part in verbal communication without great effort. As a result, auditory training seems to have fallen into oblivion, even though its use is certainly still justified today. This article aims to review the development of these diverse therapy methods.
For this systematic review, a selective literature research in PubMed using the keywords "auditory training" = 211 hits and "auditory rehabilitation" = 166 hits has been carried out. In addition, handbooks and monographs were taken into consideration.
For around 2,000 years, people have tried to restore hearing by acoustic stimulation. Initially it was believed that hearing could be "woken up" by means of acoustic stimulation. From the 19th Century onwards, auditory training was meant to support residual hearing and help understanding in verbal communication. Towards the end of the 20th Century, systematic approaches that were intended to enhance cognitive skills, such as concentration and attentiveness by acoustic stimulation, were developed.
The wish to integrate deaf individuals into the auditory verbal oriented society, the tremendous number of soldiers suffering from noise-induced hearing loss after World War II, modern hearing aids and cochlear implants, and finally availability of personal computers has fostered the development of auditory training methods. Further research has to investigate whether auditory training combined with drug therapy or other stimulation methods are beneficial.
现代助听器卓越的品质使大多数听力受损者能够轻松参与言语交流。因此，听觉训练似乎已被遗忘，尽管如今其使用肯定仍有正当理由。本文旨在综述这些不同治疗方法的发展历程。
为进行这项系统评价，在PubMed中使用关键词“听觉训练”（检索到211条结果）和“听觉康复”（检索到166条结果）进行了选择性文献研究。此外，还考虑了手册和专著。
约两千年来，人们一直试图通过声音刺激来恢复听力。最初，人们认为通过声音刺激可以“唤醒”听力。从19世纪起，听觉训练旨在辅助残余听力，并帮助理解言语交流。到20世纪末，人们开发出了旨在通过声音刺激提高认知技能（如注意力和专注力）的系统方法。
将聋人融入以听觉言语为主导的社会的愿望、二战后大量患有噪声性听力损失的士兵、现代助听器和人工耳蜗，以及个人电脑的普及，推动了听觉训练方法的发展。进一步的研究必须调查听觉训练与药物治疗或其他刺激方法相结合是否有益。
