Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut, Institut für Forstgenetik, Sieker Landstrasse 2, D-22927 Grosshansdorf, Germany.
Forensic Sci Int Genet. 2013 Jan;7(1):55-62. doi: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2012.06.003. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
Illegal logging is one of the main causes of ongoing worldwide deforestation and needs to be eradicated. The trade in illegal timber and wood products creates market disadvantages for products from sustainable forestry. Although various measures have been established to counter illegal logging and the subsequent trade, there is a lack of practical mechanisms for identifying the origin of timber and wood products. In this study, six nuclear microsatellites were used to generate DNA fingerprints for a genetic reference database characterising the populations of origin of a large set of mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King, Meliaceae) samples. For the database, leaves and/or cambium from 1971 mahogany trees sampled in 31 stands from Mexico to Bolivia were genotyped. A total of 145 different alleles were found, showing strong genetic differentiation (δ(Gregorious)=0.52, F(ST)=0.18, G(ST(Hedrick))=0.65) and clear correlation between genetic and spatial distances among stands (r=0.82, P<0.05). We used the genetic reference database and Bayesian assignment testing to determine the geographic origins of two sets of mahogany wood samples, based on their multilocus genotypes. In both cases the wood samples were assigned to the correct country of origin. We discuss the overall applicability of this methodology to tropical timber trading.
非法伐木是全球森林砍伐持续不断的主要原因之一，需要予以根除。非法木材和木制品贸易给可持续林业的产品创造了市场劣势。尽管已经制定了各种措施来打击非法伐木和随后的贸易，但在确定木材和木制品的来源方面缺乏实用机制。在这项研究中，使用了六个核微卫星来生成用于遗传参考数据库的 DNA 指纹，以描述一大组桃花心木（Swietenia macrophylla King，楝科）样本的起源种群。对于该数据库，对来自墨西哥到玻利维亚的 31 个林分中的 1971 棵桃花心木的叶子和/或形成层进行了基因分型。共发现 145 个不同的等位基因，表现出强烈的遗传分化（δ（Gregorious）=0.52，F（ST）=0.18，G（ST（Hedrick））=0.65），并且林分之间的遗传和空间距离之间存在明显的相关性（r=0.82，P<0.05）。我们使用遗传参考数据库和贝叶斯分配测试，根据多基因座基因型确定两组桃花心木木材样本的地理起源。在两种情况下，木材样本均被分配到正确的原产国。我们讨论了这种方法对热带木材贸易的总体适用性。
