School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong SAR, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
J Dev Behav Pediatr. 2012 Jul;33(6):479-85. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31825ab67d.
Few studies have examined the effect of excess television (TV) viewing on specific mental health outcomes, such as self-esteem. We explored the cross-sectional association between TV viewing hours and self-esteem in young children.
A total of 70,210 primary 4 (US grade 4) participants of the Department of Health Student Health Service, Hong Kong, in 1998-2000 reported TV viewing hours in a standardized questionnaire. Self-esteem was assessed using the Culture-Free Self-Esteem Inventories for Children (SEI) with 4 subscales. Multivariate linear regression yielded beta coefficients (β) for SEI subscale scores by TV hours, adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, lifestyle characteristics, and highest parental education and occupational status.
Only 10.9% of children watched >4 hours per day, while 45.3% watched TV for 1 to ≤2 hours per day. Compared with children who watched <1 hour of TV per day, those who watched a moderate amount (1 to ≤2 hours/day) had higher (more favorable) SEI scores in the General (β = 0.09; 95% confidence interval = 0.02-0.16), Social (0.05; 0.01-0.09), and Parent-Related (0.04; 0.00-0.08) subscales but lower scores in the Academic subscale (-0.06; -0.09 to -0.02). Children who watched >2 hours of TV per day had lower SEI scores than those who watched <1 hour per day in all 4 subscales.
An inverted J-shaped relation was observed between TV viewing hours and self-esteem among young children. The development of self-esteem among children who report little or excessive TV viewing should be further studied.
鲜有研究探讨过度观看电视（TV）对特定心理健康结果的影响，如自尊。我们探讨了儿童青少年观看电视时长与自尊之间的横断面关联。
1998-2000 年，香港卫生署学生健康服务处共 70210 名小四（美国四年级）学生在标准化问卷中报告了观看电视的时长。自尊采用儿童文化无关自尊量表（SEI）进行评估，有 4 个分量表。多变量线性回归通过 TV 时长得出 SEI 分量表评分的β系数（β），调整了年龄、性别、体重指数、生活方式特征以及父母最高教育和职业状况。
仅有 10.9%的儿童每天观看超过 4 小时，而 45.3%每天观看 1 至≤2 小时的电视。与每天观看电视时长<1 小时的儿童相比，每天观看适度时长（1 至≤2 小时）的儿童在一般（β=0.09；95%置信区间：0.02-0.16）、社会（0.05；0.01-0.09）和与父母相关（0.04；0.00-0.08）分量表上的 SEI 评分更高（更有利），但在学术分量表上的评分更低（-0.06；-0.09 至-0.02）。每天观看 TV 时长>2 小时的儿童在所有 4 个分量表上的 SEI 评分均低于每天观看电视时长<1 小时的儿童。
在儿童青少年中，观看电视时长与自尊之间呈现出倒 J 型关系。应进一步研究报告观看少量或过多电视的儿童自尊发展情况。
