Burdette Hillary L, Whitaker Robert C, Kahn Robert S, Harvey-Berino Jean
Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, OH 45229-3039, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2003 Sep;157(9):894-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.157.9.894.
Decreasing television (TV)-viewing time may improve child health and well-being. These viewing patterns are shaped during the preschool years. Because mothers play an important role in determining how much TV their preschool children watch, a better understanding is needed of the maternal factors that influence children's TV viewing.
To examine the relationship of depressive symptoms and obesity in low-income mothers with TV-viewing time in their preschool children.
Cross-sectional, self-administered survey of 295 low-income mothers of 3- and 4-year-old children (92% white) enrolled in the Vermont Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children. Mothers reported children's usual weekday and weekend-day TV-viewing time. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Maternal body mass index was calculated from self-reported height and weight measurements (weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared).
Children watched a mean of 2.2 +/-1.2 hours of TV per day. Those in the upper quartile of TV-viewing time (high TV viewers) watched 3 or more hours of TV per day. Of the mothers, 12% had both obesity (BMI > or =30) and depressive symptoms (CES-D score > or =16), 19% were obese only, and 18% had depressive symptoms only. Children were more likely to be high TV viewers if their mothers had clinically significant depressive symptoms (35% vs 23%; P =.03) or if their mothers were obese (35% vs 22%; P =.03). Forty-two percent of children were high TV viewers if the mother had both depressive symptoms and obesity, 30% if the mother had only depressive symptoms, 29% if the mother had only obesity, and 20% if the mother had neither depressive symptoms nor obesity (P =.06 overall; P for trend =.009 using the chi2 test).
Among low-income preschool children, those whose mothers had either depressive symptoms or obesity were more likely to watch 3 or more hours of TV a day. Strategies to reduce TV viewing in young children should consider the role that maternal obesity and depressive symptoms may play in how preschool children spend their time.
减少看电视时间可能会改善儿童的健康和幸福状况。这些观看模式在学龄前阶段形成。由于母亲在决定学龄前儿童看电视的时长方面起着重要作用，因此需要更好地了解影响儿童看电视的母亲因素。
研究低收入母亲的抑郁症状和肥胖与她们学龄前儿童看电视时间之间的关系。
对参加佛蒙特州妇女、婴儿和儿童特别补充营养计划的295名3至4岁儿童的低收入母亲进行横断面自填式调查（92%为白人）。母亲们报告孩子平日和周末通常的看电视时间。用流行病学研究中心抑郁量表（CES-D）测量母亲的抑郁症状。根据自我报告的身高和体重测量值计算母亲的体重指数（体重以千克为单位除以身高以米为单位的平方）。
孩子们平均每天看电视2.2±1.2小时。看电视时间处于上四分位数的孩子（高电视观看者）每天看电视3小时或更长时间。在母亲中，12%既有肥胖（体重指数≥30）又有抑郁症状（CES-D评分≥16），19%仅肥胖，18%仅有抑郁症状。如果母亲有临床显著的抑郁症状，孩子更有可能成为高电视观看者（35%对23%；P=0.03），或者如果母亲肥胖，孩子也更有可能成为高电视观看者（35%对22%；P=0.03）。如果母亲既有抑郁症状又肥胖，42%的孩子是高电视观看者；如果母亲仅有抑郁症状，30%的孩子是高电视观看者；如果母亲仅有肥胖，29%的孩子是高电视观看者；如果母亲既无抑郁症状也无肥胖，20%的孩子是高电视观看者（总体P=0.06；使用卡方检验，趋势P=0.009）。
在低收入学龄前儿童中，母亲有抑郁症状或肥胖的孩子更有可能每天看电视3小时或更长时间。减少幼儿看电视的策略应考虑母亲肥胖和抑郁症状在学龄前儿童时间安排中可能发挥的作用。
