Adenosine is not essential for exercise hyperaemia in the hindlimb in conscious dogs.

1. The contribution of endogenous adenosine to the increase in hindlimb blood flow that occurs during treadmill exercise was evaluated in conscious dogs. We postulated that if adenosine is essential for the hindlimb hyperaemic response, then pharmacological treatment of the animals with adenosine receptor antagonists should decrease hindlimb blood flow during treadmill exercise. 2. A total of twenty-three dogs were chronically instrumented for measurement of aortic blood pressure and hindlimb blood flow using electromagnetic or Doppler flow probes on the left external iliac artery. Measurements of arterial blood pressure, hindlimb blood flow and heart rate were made during steady-state treadmill exercise in both the presence and the absence of adenosine receptor antagonists. Four different protocols were performed using different routes of administration of two adenosine receptor antagonists. Aminophylline was used in most of the experiments, and the effects of the more potent antagonist, 8-phenyltheophylline, were also evaluated. In addition, the dogs exercised at varying intensities ranging from a low level of 5.5 km h-1 at 0% gradient to a high intensity of 5.5 km h-1 at 21% gradient. 3. Aminophylline given as a single intravenous dose, or as a constant infusion either intravenously or directly into the hindlimb artery, did not decrease hindlimb blood flow at low, moderate or high intensities of exercise. Likewise, the blockade of adenosine receptors with 8-phenyltheophylline, given systemically or as a bolus injection administered directly into the hindlimb circulation during moderate exercise, did not attenuate the hindlimb blood flow response. 4. Our data demonstrate that exercise hyperaemia of the hindlimb is not reduced by antagonism of adenosine receptors. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adenosine is not an essential mediator of hindlimb vasodilatation during exercise.