Department of Psychology, Iowa State University.
Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri.
J Couns Psychol. 2012 Jul;59(3):486-493. doi: 10.1037/a0028000.
Carter (2007) proposed the notion of race-based traumatic stress and argued that experiences of racial discrimination can be viewed as a type of trauma. In a sample of 383 Chinese international students at 2 predominantly White midwestern universities, the present results supported this notion and found that perceived racial discrimination predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms over and above perceived general stress. Furthermore, Berry (1997) proposed an acculturation framework and recommended that researchers advance the literature by examining the moderation effects on the association between racial discrimination and outcomes. The present results supported the moderation effect for Ethnic SC (i.e., social connectedness in the ethnic community), but not for Mainstream SC (i.e., social connectedness in mainstream society). A simple effects analysis indicated that a high Ethnic SC weakened the strength of the association between perceived racial discrimination and posttraumatic stress symptoms more than a low Ethnic SC. Moreover, although Mainstream SC failed to be a moderator, Mainstream SC was significantly associated with less perceived general stress, less perceived racial discrimination, and less posttraumatic stress symptoms.
卡特（2007）提出了基于种族的创伤后应激的概念，并认为种族歧视的经历可以被视为一种创伤。在两所主要为白人的中西部大学的 383 名中国国际学生样本中，本研究结果支持了这一观点，发现感知到的种族歧视预测了创伤后应激症状，而不仅仅是感知到的一般压力。此外，贝里（1997）提出了一种文化适应框架，并建议研究人员通过研究种族歧视与结果之间关系的调节作用来推进文献。本研究结果支持 Ethnic SC（即族群社区中的社会联系）的调节作用，但不支持 Mainstream SC（即主流社会中的社会联系）的调节作用。简单效应分析表明，高 Ethnic SC 比低 Ethnic SC 更能削弱感知到的种族歧视与创伤后应激症状之间的关联强度。此外，尽管 Mainstream SC 不是一个调节变量，但它与感知到的一般压力、感知到的种族歧视和创伤后应激症状较少显著相关。
