Australia-China Research Centre for Crop Improvement, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
Trends Plant Sci. 2012 Nov;17(11):656-65. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.06.005. Epub 2012 Jul 8.
Seed and fruit set are established during and soon after fertilization and determine seed and fruit number, their final size and, hence, yield potential. These processes are highly sensitive to biotic and abiotic stresses, which often lead to seed and fruit abortion. Here, we review the regulation of assimilate partitioning, including the potential roles of recently identified sucrose efflux transporters in seed and fruit set and examine the similarities of sucrose import and hydrolysis for both pollen and ovary sinks, and similar causes of abortion. We also discuss the molecular origins of parthenocarpy and the central roles of auxins and gibberellins in fruit set. The recently completed strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) genomes have added to the existing crop databases, and new models are starting to be used in fruit and seed set studies.
种子和果实的形成是在受精过程中和受精后不久建立的，决定了种子和果实的数量、最终大小，从而决定了产量潜力。这些过程对生物和非生物胁迫非常敏感，往往导致种子和果实败育。在这里，我们综述了同化物分配的调控，包括最近发现的蔗糖外排转运蛋白在种子和果实形成中的潜在作用，并研究了蔗糖导入和水解在花粉和子房两个库中的相似性，以及导致败育的相似原因。我们还讨论了单性结实的分子起源以及生长素和赤霉素在果实形成中的核心作用。最近完成的草莓（ Fragaria vesca ）和番茄（ Solanum lycopersicum ）基因组丰富了现有的作物数据库，新的模型也开始用于果实和种子形成的研究。
