Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, 8A Biomedical Grove, 138648, Singapore.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2013 Mar;65(3):336-41. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2012.07.001. Epub 2012 Jul 7.
Advances in biomedical research have generated an unprecedented number of potential targets for therapeutic intervention to treat disease or delay disease progression. Unfortunately, many of these targets are not druggable as they are intracellular, present in many cell types, poorly soluble or rapidly inactivated. Although synthetic drug vehicles have successfully circumvented many of these problems, natural particulates such as exosomes that intrinsically possess many attributes of a drug delivery vehicle are highly attractive as potentially better alternatives. Of the cell types known to produce exosomes, the readily available proliferative, immunosuppressive and clinically tested human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) is the most prolific producer. Its exosomes are therapeutic in animal model of disease and exhibit immunosuppressive activity. The quality and quantity of exosome production is not compromised by immortalization to create a permanent MSC cell line. Therefore, MSC is well suited for mass production of exosomes that are ideal for drug delivery.
生物医学研究的进展产生了前所未有的大量潜在治疗靶点，以治疗疾病或延缓疾病进展。不幸的是，许多这些靶点是不可成药的，因为它们是细胞内的，存在于许多细胞类型中，溶解性差或迅速失活。尽管合成药物载体成功地解决了许多这些问题，但天然颗粒如外泌体，由于其内在地具有药物传递载体的许多属性，作为潜在的更好替代品，具有很高的吸引力。在已知产生外泌体的细胞类型中，易于获得的增殖、免疫抑制和经过临床测试的人类间充质干细胞（MSC）是最丰富的产生者。其外泌体在疾病的动物模型中具有治疗作用，并表现出免疫抑制活性。外泌体的产生质量和数量不会因永生化而受到影响，从而创建一个永久的 MSC 细胞系。因此，MSC 非常适合大量生产外泌体，这是理想的药物传递载体。
