Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.
Institute of Medical Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2015 Apr;40:82-8. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.03.001. Epub 2015 Mar 9.
MSCs are an extensively used cell type in clinical trials today. The initial rationale for their clinical testing was based on their differentiation potential. However, the lack of correlation between functional improvement and cell engraftment or differentiation at the site of injury has led to the proposal that MSCs exert their effects not through their differentiation potential but through their secreted product, more specifically, exosomes, a type of extracellular vesicle. We propose here that MSC exosomes function as an extension of MSC's biological role as tissue stromal support cells. Like their cell source, MSC exosomes help maintain tissue homeostasis for optimal tissue function. They target housekeeping biological processes that operate ubiquitously in all tissues and are critical in maintaining tissue homeostasis, enabling cells to recover critical cellular functions and begin repair and regeneration. This hypothesis provides a rationale for the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs and their secreted exosomes in a wide spectrum of diseases. Here, we give a brief introduction of the biogenesis of MSC exosomes, review their physiological functions and highlight some of their biochemical potential to illustrate how MSC exosomes could restore tissue homeostasis leading to tissue recovery and repair.
间充质干细胞（MSCs）是目前临床试验中广泛使用的细胞类型。其临床测试的最初原理基于其分化潜能。然而，功能改善与损伤部位的细胞定植或分化之间缺乏相关性，导致人们提出间充质干细胞不是通过其分化潜能，而是通过其分泌产物（更具体地说是外泌体）发挥作用，外泌体是一种细胞外囊泡。我们在此提出，MSC 外泌体的功能是作为 MSC 作为组织基质支持细胞的生物学作用的延伸。与它们的细胞来源一样，MSC 外泌体有助于维持组织内环境稳定，以实现最佳组织功能。它们针对管家生物过程，这些过程在所有组织中普遍存在，对于维持组织内环境稳定至关重要，使细胞能够恢复关键的细胞功能，并开始修复和再生。这一假设为 MSC 及其分泌的外泌体在广泛的疾病中的治疗效果提供了依据。在这里，我们简要介绍了 MSC 外泌体的生物发生，综述了它们的生理功能，并强调了它们的一些生化潜力，以说明 MSC 外泌体如何恢复组织内环境稳定，从而导致组织恢复和修复。
