Maciejczyk Marcin, Szymura Jadwiga, Cempla Jerzy, Gradek Joanna
Zaklad Fizjologii i Biochemii, Instytut Fizjologii Czlowieka Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego, Krakow.
Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2012;18(2):63-9.
In obese children the aerobic capacity (maximal oxygen intake) is lower than in non-obese children, but lower ability to perform long-term efforts can also result from higher physiological cost (in comparison to normal weight children) during locomotion efforts.
was to determine developmental changes in physiological cost of walks in boys with excessive level of body fat (F%) during puberty.
The study was conducted on 11 boys with excessive level of body fat (%F=26.82±2.89 % - GROUP O) and 14 with normal level of body fat (%F=12.51±2.35% - GROUP P). The boys performed the graded test and a few days later two submaximal walks (6 min each with a 4 min pause for rest between walks) on mechanical treadmill with different speed (3.6 km×h(-1) and 4.8 km×h(-1)) every two years (three series) beginning at the age about 10 years and finishing at the age of 13-14 years.
The level of pulmonary ventilation (VE) and tidal volume (TV) were significantly higher in overweight boys, but breathing frequency (BF) was similar in both groups. With age, the economy of breathing was improved in both groups: pulmonary ventilation and tidal volume were increasing but BF was decreasing. The work intensity during walking, expressed as %VO2max and %HRmax, was higher in boys with excessive level of body fat and decreased with age. Total values of VO2 (l×min(-1)) were higher in the group of overweight boys, but relatively to body mass the values of VO2 were significantly lower in this group and with age the difference between groups was constant.
The physiological cost of walking was higher in boys with excessive level of body fat in each test in comparison with non-obese boys. The difference between groups in level of physiological parameters increased with speed of walking. The physiological cost of walking decreased with age in both groups.
肥胖儿童的有氧能力（最大摄氧量）低于非肥胖儿童，但长期运动能力较低也可能是由于运动时生理成本较高（与正常体重儿童相比）所致。
确定青春期体脂水平过高（F%）的男孩行走生理成本的发育变化。
对11名体脂水平过高（%F = 26.82±2.89% - O组）和14名体脂水平正常（%F = 12.51±2.35% - P组）的男孩进行了研究。这些男孩从大约10岁开始，每两年（三个阶段）进行一次分级测试，几天后在机械跑步机上以不同速度（3.6 km×h⁻¹和4.8 km×h⁻¹）进行两次亚极量行走（每次6分钟，两次行走之间休息4分钟），直至13 - 14岁结束。
超重男孩的肺通气量（VE）和潮气量（TV）水平显著更高，但两组的呼吸频率（BF）相似。随着年龄增长，两组的呼吸经济性均有所改善：肺通气量和潮气量增加，但呼吸频率降低。以%VO₂max和%HRmax表示的行走时工作强度，体脂水平过高的男孩更高，且随年龄降低。超重男孩组的VO₂总量（l×min⁻¹）更高，但相对于体重，该组的VO₂值显著更低，且随着年龄增长，两组之间的差异保持不变。
与非肥胖男孩相比，体脂水平过高的男孩在每次测试中行走的生理成本更高。两组生理参数水平的差异随行走速度增加。两组行走的生理成本均随年龄降低。
