Crawford S Y
Scientific Affairs Department, American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, Bethesda, MD 20814.
Am J Hosp Pharm. 1990 Dec;47(12):2665-95.
The results of a national mail survey of pharmaceutical services in community hospitals conducted by ASHP during May through July 1990 are reported and compared with the results of earlier ASHP surveys. A sample of community hospitals (short-term, nonfederal) was selected randomly from the population of community hospitals registered by the American Hospital Association. Questionnaires were mailed to each director of pharmacy. The adjusted gross sample size was 881. The net response rate was 66% (582 usable replies). The average number of hours of pharmacy operation per week reported by the respondents was 96. Complete unit dose drug distribution was offered by 89% of the respondents (up from 74% in 1987). About 70% offered complete, comprehensive i.v. admixture programs (essentially unchanged from 1987). Most of the hospitals (70%) had centralized pharmaceutical services. A computerized pharmacy system was present in 64% of the departments, and 75% had at least one microcomputer. More than 90% reported participation in adverse drug reaction and drug-use evaluation programs. Some 80% participated in drug therapy monitoring. Almost half of the respondents regularly provided written documentation of pharmacist interventions in patients' medical records. Approximately one third provided patient education or counseling, and one third provided drug management of medical emergencies. A well-controlled formulary system was in place in 58% of the hospitals; therapeutic interchange was practiced by 49%. A total of 98% of the respondents participated in group purchasing, and 96% used a prime vendor. Half of the departments served as training sites for pharmacy students. Less than half had a staff development program, but about two thirds supported continuing-education activities for pharmacists. The 1990 survey revealed a continuation of the changes in many hospital-based pharmaceutical services documented in earlier surveys and identified static areas that merit the attention of pharmacy leaders.
美国卫生系统药师协会（ASHP）在1990年5月至7月期间对社区医院药学服务进行了一次全国性邮寄调查，现将结果报告如下，并与ASHP早期调查结果进行比较。从美国医院协会登记的社区医院（短期、非联邦医院）总体中随机抽取了一个样本。问卷邮寄给了每位药房主任。调整后的总样本量为881。净回复率为66%（582份可用回复）。受访者报告的每周药房运营平均小时数为96小时。89%的受访者提供完整的单剂量药品分发服务（高于1987年的74%）。约70%的受访者提供完整、全面的静脉药物混合配制服务（与1987年基本持平）。大多数医院（70%）设有集中式药学服务。64%的科室配备了计算机化药房系统，75%的科室至少有一台微型计算机。超过90%的医院报告参与了药品不良反应和用药评估项目。约80%的医院参与了药物治疗监测。近一半的受访者定期在患者病历中提供药师干预的书面记录。约三分之一的受访者提供患者教育或咨询服务，三分之一的受访者提供医疗紧急情况的药物管理。58%的医院建立了控制良好的药品处方集系统；49%的医院实行了治疗性药品替换。共有98%的受访者参与了集中采购，96%的受访者使用了主要供应商。一半的科室作为药学专业学生的培训基地。不到一半的科室有员工发展计划，但约三分之二的科室支持药师的继续教育活动。1990年的调查显示，早期调查记录的许多医院药学服务变化仍在持续，同时也发现了一些值得药学领导者关注的停滞领域。
