Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Department of Neurology, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, the Netherlands.
Ther Adv Neurol Disord. 2012 Jul;5(4):221-40. doi: 10.1177/1756285612447261.
Dystonia is a hyperkinetic movement disorder, characterized by involuntary and sustained contractions of opposing muscles causing twisting movements and abnormal postures. It is often a disabling disorder that has a significant impact on physical and psychosocial wellbeing. The medical therapeutic armamentarium used in practice is quite extensive, but for many of these interventions formal proof of efficacy is lacking. Exceptions are the use of botulinum toxin in patients with cervical dystonia, some forms of cranial dystonia (in particular, blepharospasm) and writer's cramp; deep brain stimulation of the pallidum in generalized and segmental dystonia; and high-dose trihexyphenidyl in young patients with segmental and generalized dystonia. In order to move this field forward, we not only need better trials that examine the effect of current treatment interventions, but also a further understanding of the pathophysiology of dystonia as a first step to design and test new therapies that are targeted at the underlying biologic and neurophysiologic mechanisms.
肌张力障碍是一种运动障碍，表现为拮抗肌的不自主持续收缩，导致扭曲运动和异常姿势。它通常是一种致残性疾病，对身体和社会心理健康有重大影响。在实践中使用的医学治疗手段相当广泛，但其中许多干预措施缺乏正式的疗效证据。例外的是肉毒毒素在颈肌张力障碍患者、某些形式的颅肌张力障碍（特别是眼睑痉挛）和书写痉挛中的应用；苍白球深部脑刺激在全身性和节段性肌张力障碍中的应用；以及高剂量三己酚在节段性和全身性肌张力障碍的年轻患者中的应用。为了推动这一领域的发展，我们不仅需要更好的试验来检验当前治疗干预措施的效果，还需要进一步了解肌张力障碍的病理生理学，作为设计和测试针对潜在生物学和神经生理学机制的新疗法的第一步。
