Ebben Matthew R, Narizhnaya Mariya
Weill Cornell Medical College Center for Sleep Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Mt Sinai J Med. 2012 Jul-Aug;79(4):512-23. doi: 10.1002/msj.21320.
Insomnia is a costly disorder that affects a significant number of people. In many cases, insomnia is comorbid with other illnesses, which complicates its diagnosis and treatment. Most often it is treated with medication; however, patients are not always safe using hypnotics, and medication does not attack the source of the disorder. Cognitive behavioral therapies are better for long-term treatment because they address factors causing or perpetuating insomnia, as opposed to treatments that focus on symptoms. This article examines various nonpharmacological treatments for insomnia. In addition, because circadian rhythm disorders may exhibit symptoms similar to insomnia, there is also a brief overview of 2 common circadian rhythm disorders, delayed sleep phase syndrome and advanced sleep phase syndrome.
失眠是一种代价高昂的疾病，影响着大量人群。在许多情况下，失眠与其他疾病并存，这使其诊断和治疗变得复杂。最常见的治疗方法是药物治疗；然而，患者使用催眠药并不总是安全的，而且药物治疗并未触及该疾病的根源。认知行为疗法更适合长期治疗，因为它们针对导致或使失眠持续存在的因素，这与专注于症状的治疗方法不同。本文探讨了各种失眠的非药物治疗方法。此外，由于昼夜节律紊乱可能表现出与失眠相似的症状，本文还简要概述了两种常见的昼夜节律紊乱，即睡眠时相延迟综合征和睡眠时相提前综合征。
