Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Department of Medicine, Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012 Aug;24(4):446-52. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3283557b89.
Adolescent childbearing in the United States continues to occur at high rates compared with other industrialized nations, despite a recent decline. Adolescent mothers and their offspring are at risk for negative outcomes. Recent literature exploring the consequences of teenage childbearing and interventions to ameliorate these consequences are presented.
Negative consequences of adolescent childbearing can impact mothers and their offspring throughout the lifespan. These consequences are likely attributable to social and environmental factors rather than solely to maternal age. Increasing educational attainment, preventing repeat pregnancy and improving mother-child interactions can improve outcomes for mothers and their children. Home, community, school and clinic-based programs are all viable models of service delivery to this population.
Connecting teen mothers with comprehensive services to meet their social, economic, health and educational needs can potentially improve long-term outcomes for both mothers and their offspring. Programs that deliver care to this population in culturally sensitive, developmentally appropriate ways have demonstrated success. Future investigation of parenting interventions with larger sample sizes and that assess multiple outcomes will allow comparison among programs. Explorations of the role of the father and coparenting are also directions for future research.
目的综述：尽管近年来有所下降，美国青少年的生育率仍居高不下，与其他工业化国家相比。青少年母亲及其后代面临不良后果的风险。本文介绍了近期探索青少年生育后果及干预措施以改善这些后果的文献。
最近的发现：青少年生育的不良后果可能会影响母亲及其后代的一生。这些后果可能归因于社会和环境因素，而不仅仅是母亲的年龄。提高教育程度、防止再次怀孕和改善母婴互动可以改善母亲及其子女的结局。以家庭、社区、学校和诊所为基础的项目都是向这一人群提供服务的可行模式。
总结：将青少年母亲与全面的服务联系起来，以满足她们的社会、经济、健康和教育需求，有可能改善母亲及其子女的长期结局。以文化敏感、发展适宜的方式为这一人群提供护理的项目已经取得了成功。未来，需要更大样本量和评估多种结局的育儿干预研究，以比较各项目之间的差异。探索父亲和共同养育的作用也是未来研究的方向。
