Harvard School of Public Health, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2012 Aug;24(4):462-9. doi: 10.1097/MOP.0b013e3283555bee.
Teen pregnancy has been subject of public concern for many years. In the United States, despite nearly 2 decades of declining teen pregnancy and birth rates, the problem persists, with significant disparities present across racial groups and in state-specific rates. This review examines recent trends, pregnancy prevention initiatives and family planning policies that address the special needs of vulnerable youth.
Unintended teen pregnancies impose potentially serious social and health burdens on teen parents and their children, as well as costs to society. Trends in teen pregnancy and birth rates show continued decline, but state and racial disparities have widened. Demographic factors and policy changes have contributed to these disparities. Research supports comprehensive pregnancy prevention initiatives that are multifaceted and promote consistent and correct use of effective methods of contraception for youth at risk of becoming pregnant.
There is strong consensus that effective teen pregnancy prevention strategies should be multifaceted, focusing on delay of sexual activity especially in younger teens while promoting consistent and correct use of effective methods of contraception for those youth who are or plan to be sexually active. There is a need for further research to identify effective interventions for vulnerable populations.
青少年怀孕多年来一直是公众关注的焦点。尽管在美国，青少年怀孕和出生率在近 20 年来持续下降，但这一问题仍然存在，不同种族群体和各州的情况存在显著差异。本综述探讨了最近的趋势、预防青少年怀孕的举措以及解决弱势青年特殊需求的计划生育政策。
意外的青少年怀孕给青少年父母及其子女带来了潜在的严重社会和健康负担，也给社会带来了成本。青少年怀孕和出生率的趋势显示持续下降，但州和种族差异有所扩大。人口因素和政策变化促成了这些差异。研究支持全面的青少年怀孕预防计划，这些计划是多方面的，旨在促进有怀孕风险的青少年推迟性行为，尤其是在年龄较小的青少年中，同时促进他们持续正确地使用有效的避孕方法。
人们强烈认为，有效的青少年怀孕预防策略应该是多方面的，既要关注延迟性行为，尤其是在年龄较小的青少年中，同时也要促进有怀孕风险或计划怀孕的青少年持续正确地使用有效的避孕方法。需要进一步研究以确定针对弱势人群的有效干预措施。
