Center for Plant Cell Biology, Institute of Integrated Genome Biology, Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92508, USA.
Trends Cell Biol. 2012 Sep;22(9):492-501. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2012.05.002. Epub 2012 Jul 12.
In animal and plant cells, a wide range of key cellular processes that require the establishment of cell polarity are governed by Rho-GTPases. In contrast to animals and yeast, however, plants possess a single Rho-GTPase subfamily called Rho-like GTPases from plants (ROPs). This raises the question of how plants achieve the high level of regulation required for polar cellular processes. It is becoming evident that plants have evolved specific regulators, including ROP-Guanine Exchange Factors (GEFs) and the Rop-interactive CRIB motif-containing protein (RIC) effectors. Recent research shows that the spatiotemporal dynamics of ROPs, the cytoskeleton, endocytosis, and exocytosis are intertwined. This review focuses on the proposed self-organizing nature of ROPs in plants and how ROP-mediated cellular mechanisms compare with those responsible for cell polarity in animals and yeast.
在动植物细胞中，广泛的关键细胞过程需要建立细胞极性，这些过程受 Rho-GTPases 调控。然而，与动物和酵母不同，植物拥有一个称为植物类 Rho-GTPases（ROPs）的单一 Rho-GTPase 亚家族。这就提出了一个问题，即植物如何实现对极性细胞过程所需的高度调控。越来越明显的是，植物已经进化出了特定的调节剂，包括 ROP-Guanine Exchange Factors（GEFs）和 Rop-interactive CRIB motif-containing protein（RIC）效应物。最近的研究表明，ROP 的时空动态、细胞骨架、内吞作用和胞吐作用相互交织。本综述重点介绍了 ROP 在植物中的自组织性质，以及 ROP 介导的细胞机制与负责动物和酵母细胞极性的机制有何不同。
