NEIKER-Tecnalia, Department of Ecology and Natural Resources, Soil Microbial Ecology Group, C/Berreaga 1, E-48160 Derio, Spain.
Sci Total Environ. 2012 Sep 1;433:264-72. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.06.049. Epub 2012 Jul 15.
Soils are currently being degraded at an alarming rate due to increasing pressure from different sources of environmental degradation. Consequently, we carried out a 4-month microcosm experiment to measure the impact of different sources of environmental degradation (biodiversity loss, nitrogen deposition and climate change) on soil health in a non-polluted (non-degraded) and a heavily metal-polluted (degraded) soil, and to compare their responses. To this aim, we determined a variety of soil microbial properties with potential as bioindicators of soil health: basal respiration; β-glucosaminidase and protease activities; abundance (Q-PCR) of bacterial, fungal and chitinase genes; richness (PCR-DGGE) of fungal and chitinase genes. Non-polluted and metal-polluted soils showed different response microbial dynamics when subjected to sources of environmental degradation. The non-polluted soil appeared resilient to "biodiversity loss" and "climate change" treatments. The metal-polluted soil was probably already too severely affected by the presence of high levels of toxic metals to respond to other sources of stress. Our data together suggests that soil microbial activity and biomass parameters are more sensitive to the applied sources of environmental degradation, showing immediate responses of greater magnitude, while soil microbial diversity parameters do not show such variations.
由于来自不同环境退化源的压力不断增加，土壤目前正以惊人的速度退化。因此，我们进行了为期 4 个月的微宇宙实验，以测量不同来源的环境退化（生物多样性丧失、氮沉积和气候变化）对未受污染（未退化）和重金属污染（退化）土壤健康的影响，并比较它们的反应。为此，我们确定了各种具有土壤健康生物指标潜力的土壤微生物特性：基础呼吸；β-葡糖苷酶和蛋白酶活性；细菌、真菌和几丁质酶基因的丰度（Q-PCR）；真菌和几丁质酶基因的丰富度（PCR-DGGE）。未受污染和受金属污染的土壤在受到环境退化源的影响时表现出不同的微生物动态响应。未受污染的土壤对“生物多样性丧失”和“气候变化”处理表现出较强的恢复力。受高水平有毒金属存在影响的污染土壤可能已经受到严重影响，无法对其他压力源做出反应。我们的数据表明，土壤微生物活性和生物量参数对施加的环境退化源更敏感，表现出更大幅度的即时响应，而土壤微生物多样性参数则没有这种变化。
