Mulas Valentina, Troffa Renato, Caddeo Pierluigi
Department of Pedagogy, Psychology, Philosophy, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
Cogn Process. 2012 Aug;13 Suppl 1:S275-9. doi: 10.1007/s10339-012-0456-x.
How professional skills and schemata do affect cognition, evaluative dimensions and aesthetic perception of pictures? And what about the effect of social elements like a smiling or serious subject pictured? The present study investigates the differences between Experts (photo professionals) and inexperienced individuals in perception and evaluation of photographs. Furthermore, it approaches the influence of different facial expressions (Reis et al. in Euro J Soc Psychol 20(3):259-267, 1990). People with well-developed schemes in photography should evaluate pictures through assessment, while inexperienced people should evaluate pictures through appraisal? N = 118, 60 Experts and 58 inexperienced people were asked to evaluate a set of stimulus pictures throughout: (a) 'The Circumplex Model of Affect' (PAQs) to measure 4 affective dimensions; and (b) a Semantic Differential made of 9 couples of bipolar adjectives to measure 2 evaluative dimensions (Aesthetics and Distinctive Features). Results partially confirmed the hypotheses: Experts differ significantly from Non-experts in picture evaluations. Smile arouses more positive evaluations, but only in the inexperienced group. No subject position effects were found. These results are in concordance with previous research about Expert and Non-expert evaluation, and they open new questions about facial expressions studies.
专业技能和图式如何影响对图片的认知、评价维度和审美感知？像图片中人物微笑或严肃这样的社会元素又会产生怎样的影响？本研究调查了专家（摄影专业人士）和缺乏经验的个体在照片感知和评价方面的差异。此外，研究探讨了不同面部表情的影响（Reis等人，《欧洲社会心理学杂志》，20(3):259 - 267，1990）。在摄影方面有成熟图式的人应该通过评估来评价图片，而缺乏经验的人应该通过鉴定来评价图片吗？共有118人参与，其中60名专家和58名缺乏经验的人被要求对一组刺激图片进行全面评价：(a) “情感环形模型”（PAQs）以测量4个情感维度；(b) 由9对双极形容词组成的语义差异量表以测量2个评价维度（美学和独特特征）。结果部分证实了假设：专家和非专家在图片评价上存在显著差异。微笑会引发更积极的评价，但仅在缺乏经验的组中如此。未发现主体位置效应。这些结果与之前关于专家和非专家评价的研究一致，并且为面部表情研究提出了新的问题。
