Olatunji Bunmi O, Lohr Jeffrey M, Sawchuk Craig N, Westendorf David H
Department of Psychology, University of Arkansas, 216 Memorial Hall, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
J Anxiety Disord. 2005;19(5):539-55. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2004.05.002.
Two experiments examine use of an evaluative conditioning (EC) paradigm in the acquisition of fear and disgust responding to neutral facial expressions. In Experiment 1, 60 participants were randomly assigned to one of three evaluative learning conditions in which neutral facial expressions were paired with fearsome, disgusting, or neutral pictures. No statistically significant differences were detected between the three conditions. However, significant differences emerged within subjects as post-exposure of fear and disgust ratings were higher among expressions that were paired with pictorial stimuli. Experiment 2 sought to examine if an analogue sample of BII phobics would be more susceptible than nonphobic controls to fear and disgust EC utilizing a similar experimental design, given the co-occurrence of fear and disgust in BII-phobic responding. Results failed to demonstrate an EC effect specific to the analogue phobic group, although both groups showed an evaluative shift toward disgust for those facial expressions paired with BII-relevant pictures. Consistent with previous findings, examination of picture rating data suggested that analogue BII phobics rated the BII pictures as significantly more disgusting than fearful. The role of EC processes and a priori expectancy biases in the associative learning of disgust in BII phobia is discussed.
两项实验考察了评价性条件作用（EC）范式在习得对中性面部表情的恐惧和厌恶反应中的应用。在实验1中，60名参与者被随机分配到三种评价性学习条件之一，在这些条件下，中性面部表情与可怕、令人厌恶或中性的图片配对。三种条件之间未检测到统计学上的显著差异。然而，在个体内部出现了显著差异，因为与图片刺激配对的表情在暴露后的恐惧和厌恶评分更高。实验2试图研究，鉴于双相I型障碍（BII）恐惧症患者的反应中恐惧和厌恶同时出现，采用类似的实验设计，BII恐惧症患者的模拟样本是否会比非恐惧症对照组更容易受到恐惧和厌恶评价性条件作用的影响。结果未能证明模拟恐惧症组存在特定的评价性条件作用效应，尽管两组都对与BII相关图片配对的面部表情表现出向厌恶的评价性转变。与之前的研究结果一致，对图片评分数据的检查表明，模拟BII恐惧症患者认为BII图片比恐惧图片更令人厌恶。本文讨论了评价性条件作用过程和先验预期偏差在BII恐惧症厌恶联想学习中的作用。
