University College of Medical Sciences, GTB Hospital, Delhi, India.
Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2012 Aug;90(8):989-94. doi: 10.1139/y2012-105. Epub 2012 Jul 17.
The impact of diet and environmental factors on genes concerned with epigenetic inheritance and the mechanism of evolution has grown significantly beyond the Modern Synthesis period. Epigenetic inheritance is the passing of phenotypic change to subsequent generations in ways that are outside the genetic code of DNA. Recently, polymorphisms of the human Delta-5 (fatty acid desaturase, FADS1) and Delta-6 (FADS2) desaturase genes have been described as being associated with the level of several long-chain n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in serum phospholipids. Increased consumption of refined starches and sugar increases the generation of superoxide anion in the tissues and free fatty acids (FFA) in the blood. There is an increased amount and activity of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a transcriptional factor regulating the activity of at least 125 genes, most of which are pro-inflammatory. The consumption of glucose may be associated with an increase in 2 other pro-inflammatory transcription factors: activating protein-1 (AP-1), and early growth response protein-1 (Egr-1). AP-1 regulates the transcription of matrix metallo-proteinases and Egr-1 modulates the transcription of tissue factor and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. It is possible that a complex set of factors, including nutritional factors, come into play during epigenetic inheritance.
饮食和环境因素对与表观遗传遗传和进化机制相关的基因的影响已经大大超出了现代综合理论时期。表观遗传遗传是指表型变化以超出 DNA 遗传密码的方式传递给后代。最近，人类 Delta-5（脂肪酸去饱和酶，FADS1）和 Delta-6（FADS2）去饱和酶基因的多态性已被描述为与血清磷脂中几种长链 n-3 和 n-6 多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的水平相关。精制淀粉和糖的消耗增加了组织中超氧阴离子和血液中游离脂肪酸（FFA）的产生。核因子-κB（NF-κB）的数量和活性增加，NF-κB 是一种调节至少 125 个基因活性的转录因子，其中大多数是促炎的。葡萄糖的消耗可能与另外 2 种促炎转录因子的增加有关：激活蛋白-1（AP-1）和早期生长反应蛋白-1（Egr-1）。AP-1 调节基质金属蛋白酶的转录，Egr-1 调节组织因子和纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1 的转录。在表观遗传遗传过程中，可能涉及一系列复杂的因素，包括营养因素。
