Departamento de Bioingeniería, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ingeniería Química, Julio Herrera y Reissig 565, 11300 Montevideo, Uruguay.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012 May;28(5):2249-56. doi: 10.1007/s11274-012-1032-3. Epub 2012 Mar 14.
Antarctic environments can sustain a great diversity of well-adapted microorganisms known as psychrophiles or psychrotrophs. The potential of these microorganisms as a resource of enzymes able to maintain their activity and stability at low temperature for technological applications has stimulated interest in exploration and isolation of microbes from this extreme environment. Enzymes produced by these organisms have a considerable potential for technological applications because they are known to have higher enzymatic activities at lower temperatures than their mesophilic and thermophilic counterparts. A total of 518 Antarctic microorganisms, were isolated during Antarctic expeditions organized by the Instituto Antártico Uruguayo. Samples of particules suspended in air, ice, sea and freshwater, soil, sediment, bird and marine animal faeces, dead animals, algae, plants, rocks and microbial mats were collected from different sites in maritime Antarctica. We report enzymatic activities present in 161 microorganisms (120 bacteria, 31 yeasts and 10 filamentous fungi) isolated from these locations. Enzymatic performance was evaluated at 4 and 20°C. Most of yeasts and bacteria grew better at 20°C than at 4°C, however the opposite was observed with the fungi. Amylase, lipase and protease activities were frequently found in bacterial strains. Yeasts and fungal isolates typically exhibited lipase, celullase and gelatinase activities. Bacterial isolates with highest enzymatic activities were identified by 16S rDNA sequence analysis as Pseudomonas spp., Psychrobacter sp., Arthrobacter spp., Bacillus sp. and Carnobacterium sp. Yeasts and fungal strains, with multiple enzymatic activities, belonged to Cryptococcus victoriae, Trichosporon pullulans and Geomyces pannorum.
南极环境可以维持大量适应良好的微生物，这些微生物被称为嗜冷菌或耐冷菌。这些微生物作为能够在低温下保持其活性和稳定性的酶资源的潜力，激发了人们对从这种极端环境中探索和分离微生物的兴趣。这些生物体产生的酶具有很大的技术应用潜力，因为它们已知在较低温度下具有比中温和高温对应物更高的酶活性。在乌拉圭南极研究所组织的南极考察期间，共分离出 518 种南极微生物。从南极洲海域的不同地点采集了悬浮在空气中、冰、海和淡水中、土壤、沉积物、鸟类和海洋动物粪便、死动物、藻类、植物、岩石和微生物垫中的微粒样本。我们报告了从这些地点分离的 161 种微生物（120 种细菌、31 种酵母和 10 种丝状真菌）中存在的酶活性。在 4°C 和 20°C 下评估了酶的性能。大多数酵母和细菌在 20°C 下比在 4°C 下生长得更好，但真菌则相反。淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶活性经常在细菌菌株中发现。酵母和真菌分离物通常表现出脂肪酶、纤维素酶和明胶酶活性。通过 16S rDNA 序列分析鉴定出具有最高酶活性的细菌分离物为假单胞菌、Psychrobacter sp.、节杆菌、芽孢杆菌和食烷菌。具有多种酶活性的酵母和真菌菌株属于维多利亚隐球菌、Pullulans 酵母和 Geomyces pannorum。
