Johann-Friedrich-Blumenbach Department of Zoology and Anthropology, Historical Anthropology and Human Ecology, University Goettingen, Goettingen 37073, Germany.
Am J Phys Anthropol. 2012 Oct;149(2):242-9. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22115. Epub 2012 Jul 17.
The majority of Native Americans nearly exclusively belong to group O of the ABO blood group system. Several hypotheses have been formulated to explain this observation, primarily differing by the presumption that the observed patterns of ABO diversity are due to the processes of the initial peopling of the Americas or due to subsequent events, especially the demographic consequences in the wake of European contact. A promising strategy to reveal possible diachronic ABO frequency changes is the molecular genetic analysis of relevant genetic markers in precontact populations. A previous study by Halverson and Bolnick [Am J Phys Anthropol 137 (2008) 342-347] already accomplished this for indigenous North American populations. Here we present the first study to analyze ABO blood types from pre-Columbian individuals from South America using molecular genetic methods and comparing them to several extant South American, North American, and Siberian populations. We tried to determine ABO blood types for 59 individuals from the southern Peruvian highlands dating to ~650 to 1250 AD using a newly developed multiplex PCR/SBE assay coamplifying the fragments relevant for blood type determination and three highly discriminating autosomal STRs. Analysis was successful for 31 individuals and revealed that all are exclusively in the O group, predominantly carrying the O02 (01v) allele. No significant difference could be observed between the ancient and modern Native American populations, while all significantly differed from the extant Siberian populations, supporting the suggestion that low ABO diversity results from founder effects during the initial peopling of the Americas.
大多数美洲原住民几乎完全属于 ABO 血型系统中的 O 组。为了解释这一观察结果，提出了几种假设，主要区别在于假设观察到的 ABO 多样性模式是由于美洲的初始人口过程还是由于随后的事件，特别是欧洲接触后的人口后果。揭示可能的 ABO 频率随时间变化的有希望的策略是对相关遗传标记进行分子遗传分析precontact 人群。Halverson 和 Bolnick 的先前研究 [Am J Phys Anthropol 137 (2008) 342-347] 已经为北美土著人群完成了这一工作。在这里，我们使用分子遗传方法首次分析了来自南美洲的 pre-Columbian 个体的 ABO 血型，并将其与几个现存的南美洲、北美洲和西伯利亚人群进行了比较。我们试图使用新开发的多重 PCR/SBE 测定法，对来自秘鲁南部高地的 59 名可追溯至公元 650 年至 1250 年的个体进行 ABO 血型测定，并对与血型测定相关的片段和三个高度区分的常染色体 STR 进行共扩增。分析对 31 个人成功进行，结果表明所有人都完全属于 O 组，主要携带 O02 (01v) 等位基因。古代和现代美洲原住民群体之间没有观察到显著差异，而所有群体与现存的西伯利亚群体均有显著差异，这支持了低 ABO 多样性是由于美洲初始人口过程中的奠基者效应的观点。
