Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, RI, USA.
Ann Rev Mar Sci. 2013;5:371-92. doi: 10.1146/annurev-marine-121211-172411. Epub 2012 Jul 30.
Ecological resilience to climate change is a combination of resistance to increasingly frequent and severe disturbances, capacity for recovery and self-organization, and ability to adapt to new conditions. Here, we focus on three broad categories of ecological properties that underlie resilience: diversity, connectivity, and adaptive capacity. Diversity increases the variety of responses to disturbance and the likelihood that species can compensate for one another. Connectivity among species, populations, and ecosystems enhances capacity for recovery by providing sources of propagules, nutrients, and biological legacies. Adaptive capacity includes a combination of phenotypic plasticity, species range shifts, and microevolution. We discuss empirical evidence for how these ecological and evolutionary mechanisms contribute to the resilience of coastal marine ecosystems following climate change-related disturbances, and how resource managers can apply this information to sustain these systems and the ecosystem services they provide.
生态系统对气候变化的恢复力是抵抗日益频繁和严重干扰、恢复能力和自我组织能力以及适应新条件能力的组合。在这里，我们关注的是构成恢复力的三个广泛的生态属性类别：多样性、连通性和适应能力。多样性增加了对干扰的反应多样性，并增加了物种相互补偿的可能性。物种、种群和生态系统之间的连通性通过提供繁殖体、养分和生物遗产来源，增强了恢复能力。适应能力包括表型可塑性、物种分布范围变化和微观进化的组合。我们讨论了实证证据，说明这些生态和进化机制如何有助于沿海海洋生态系统在气候变化相关干扰后恢复，以及资源管理者如何利用这些信息来维持这些系统及其提供的生态系统服务。
