Mikulan Rita, Piko Bettina E
University of Szeged, "Juhász" Gyula" Teacher Trainig Faculty, Institute of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
Coll Antropol. 2012 Mar;36(1):79-86.
Due to chronic dissatisfaction with body weight in youth, efforts to lose weight often lead to pathological dietary behaviours. Regular and heavy sports activity may contribute to the optimization of body weight, not only by elevating the energy utilization but also by increasing the health consciousness and the tendency to self-monitor. Research generally finds a beneficial role of extracurricular sports activity in body weight control. Therefore, we aim to analyze how regular, heavy sports activity (more precisely, competitive sports) may contribute to body weight control among two groups of youth: athletes and non-athletes. Our study was carried out using 347 adolescents; among them there were 91 athletes and 259 controls. The subjects completed self-administered questionnaires concerning their body weight control and dietary habits. We found that girls were less satisfied with their body weight and reported dieting more frequently with a greater emphasis on healthy dieting than boys. Sport influenced these strong gender differences only regarding healthy dieting, young male athletes laid a larger emphasis on healthy diets than their non-athlete counterparts, therefore their attitude became similar to that of female athletes and non-athletes. We conclude that despite the normal weight in high school students, episodes of dieting that might contribute to eating disorders were quite frequent. This was not influenced by the students' extracurricular sports activity. A greater monitoring of male athletes' and their friend's diet draw attention to the need for developing health education programs specific to boys.
由于青少年长期对体重不满意，减肥的努力往往会导致病理性饮食行为。规律且高强度的体育活动不仅可以通过提高能量消耗，还可以通过增强健康意识和自我监测倾向来促进体重优化。研究普遍发现课外体育活动在体重控制方面具有有益作用。因此，我们旨在分析规律、高强度的体育活动（更确切地说是竞技运动）如何在两组青少年（运动员和非运动员）中对体重控制产生影响。我们的研究使用了347名青少年；其中有91名运动员和259名对照组。受试者完成了关于他们体重控制和饮食习惯的自填问卷。我们发现女孩对自己的体重不太满意，并且比男孩更频繁地报告节食，且更强调健康节食。运动仅在健康节食方面影响了这些明显的性别差异，年轻男性运动员比非运动员同龄人更强调健康饮食，因此他们的态度变得与女运动员和非运动员相似。我们得出结论，尽管高中生体重正常，但可能导致饮食失调的节食情况相当频繁。这不受学生课外体育活动的影响。对男性运动员及其朋友饮食的更多监测提醒人们需要制定针对男孩的健康教育计划。
