Pérez-Bermúdez Emir, Ruiz-Urquiola Ariel, Lee-González Idania, Petric Benjamin, Almaguer-Cuenca Nilda, Sanz-Ochotorena Ana, Espinosa-López Georgina
Departamento de Biología Animal y Humana, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, CP 10400, Cuba.
J Morphol. 2012 Dec;273(12):1338-52. doi: 10.1002/jmor.20062. Epub 2012 Jul 21.
Ovarian follicular development is an essential process in the determination of maturation stages associated with size. This association acquires importance when managing populations of threatened species. We histologically processed 11 prepubescent ovaries, four pubescent ovaries, and one breeding adult ovary with vitellogenic follicles using specific staining techniques to identify the follicular stages of Eretmochelys imbricata. Follicular stages were compared with maturation stages [including straight carapace length (SCL)]. The ovary presented several germinal beds and a lacunar system less histochemically and morphologically heterogeneous than that of crocodiles. During previtellogenesis (four stages), the oocyte grows rapidly due to the strong transcriptional activity of lampbrush chromosomes and numerous nucleoli, and the strong metabolism associated with lipid synthesis. The Stage III ooplasm showed a Sudan positive band. This stage was the most frequent in all ovarian sections and it was independent of maximal follicular stage. Stage IV, more frequent in pubescent and adult ovaries, presented a lipid vacuole-rich ooplasm and a broadening of the zona pellucida and the theca. The vitellogenesis begins with the penetration and accumulation of spherical glycoprotein yolk platelets and chemically neutral lipid droplets which are observed to be mixed, but spatially and chemically segregated. Both the yolk platelets and lipid droplets increase in size, density, and proximity to the periphery of the oocyte due to their coalescence. The SCL of the immature females did not determine the maximal follicular stage nor its frequency in the ovaries. Straight carapace length turned out to be an imprecise measure in identifying the presence of follicular stages in females larger than the minimum legal size limit in Cuba. Consequently, for a national conservation program to be successful, it must emphasize the critically endangered status of E. imbricata, as well as the maturity of the most frequent hawksbill sizes encountered in the Cuban archipelago fishery.
卵巢卵泡发育是确定与大小相关的成熟阶段的一个重要过程。在管理濒危物种种群时，这种关联变得至关重要。我们使用特定的染色技术对11个青春期前卵巢、4个青春期卵巢和1个有卵黄生成卵泡的成年繁殖卵巢进行了组织学处理，以确定玳瑁的卵泡阶段。将卵泡阶段与成熟阶段[包括直线背甲长度（SCL）]进行比较。该卵巢呈现出几个生发床和一个腔隙系统，其组织化学和形态学上的异质性低于鳄鱼的。在前卵黄发生期（四个阶段），由于灯刷染色体和众多核仁的强烈转录活性以及与脂质合成相关的强大代谢，卵母细胞迅速生长。III期卵质显示出苏丹阳性带。这个阶段在所有卵巢切片中最为常见，并且与最大卵泡阶段无关。IV期在青春期和成年卵巢中更常见，呈现出富含脂质液泡的卵质以及透明带和卵泡膜的增宽。卵黄发生始于球形糖蛋白卵黄小板和化学中性脂质滴的渗透和积累，观察到它们混合在一起，但在空间和化学上是分离的。由于它们的合并，卵黄小板和脂质滴在大小、密度和靠近卵母细胞周边的程度上都增加了。未成熟雌性的SCL既不能确定卵巢中的最大卵泡阶段，也不能确定其频率。事实证明，在识别古巴大于最小合法尺寸限制的雌性中卵泡阶段的存在时，直线背甲长度是一个不精确的测量方法。因此，要使一项国家保护计划取得成功，就必须强调玳瑁的极度濒危状况，以及古巴群岛渔业中最常见的玳瑁尺寸的成熟度。
