Jahanshahi Mehrdad, Nikmahzar Emsegol, Yadollahi Negin, Ramazani Kamyar
Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Anatomy, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
Anat Cell Biol. 2012 Jun;45(2):92-6. doi: 10.5115/acb.2012.45.2.92. Epub 2012 Jun 30.
The regular extract of Ginkgo biloba has been shown to possess neuroprotective properties in disorders like hypoxia, ischemia, seizure activity and peripheral nerve damage. Also, G. biloba has received attention as a potential cognitive enhancer for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, but there is not any documentation about the effect of an extract of G. biloba on astrocytes. Therefore, the aim of this study was examined the effects of G. biloba extract on the rat's hippocampal astrocytes after scopolamine based amnesia. In this study, 36 adult male Wistar rats were used. Rats were randomly distributed into control, sham, protective and treatment groups. The rats in the sham group only received scopolamine hydrobromide (3 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. The rats in the protective and treatment groups received G. biloba extract (40, 80 mg/kg) for 7 days intraperitoneally before and after scopolamine injection. Forty eight hours after the last injection, the brains of the rats were withdrawn and fixed with paraformaldehide, and then after histological processing, the slices were stained with phosphotungstic acid-haematoxylin for astrocytes. Data were analyzed by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) post hoc Tukey test; P<0.05 was considered significant. Results showed that scopolamine can reduce the number of astrocytes in all areas of hippocampal formation compared with the control. However, G. biloba extract can compensate for the reduction in the number of astrocytes in the hippocampus before or after the encounter with scopolamine. We concluded that a pretreatment and treatment injection of G. biloba extract can have a protective effect for astrocytes in all areas of hippocampal formation.
银杏叶常规提取物已被证明在缺氧、缺血、癫痫活动和周围神经损伤等病症中具有神经保护特性。此外，银杏叶作为治疗阿尔茨海默病的潜在认知增强剂受到了关注，但尚无关于银杏叶提取物对星形胶质细胞作用的文献记载。因此，本研究的目的是检测基于东莨菪碱致遗忘模型下银杏叶提取物对大鼠海马星形胶质细胞的影响。本研究使用了36只成年雄性Wistar大鼠。大鼠被随机分为对照组、假手术组、保护组和治疗组。假手术组大鼠仅腹腔注射氢溴酸东莨菪碱（3 mg/kg）。保护组和治疗组大鼠在注射东莨菪碱前后腹腔注射银杏叶提取物（40、80 mg/kg），持续7天。最后一次注射48小时后，取出大鼠大脑并用多聚甲醛固定，然后经过组织学处理后，切片用磷钨酸苏木精染色以观察星形胶质细胞。数据采用方差分析（ANOVA）及事后Tukey检验进行分析；P<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。结果表明，与对照组相比，东莨菪碱可减少海马结构所有区域的星形胶质细胞数量。然而，银杏叶提取物可弥补在接触东莨菪碱前后海马星形胶质细胞数量的减少。我们得出结论，银杏叶提取物的预处理和治疗性注射对海马结构所有区域的星形胶质细胞具有保护作用。
