Ball State University, Department of Psychological Science, Muncie, IN 47306, USA.
J Soc Psychol. 2012 Jul-Aug;152(4):401-16. doi: 10.1080/00224545.2011.615353.
Choking under pressure occurs when an individual underperforms due to situational pressure. The present study examined whether being the target of a positive social stereotype regarding math ability causes choking among men. Gender identification and self-consciousness were hypothesized to moderate the effect of math-gender stereotypes on men's math test performance. Men high in self-consciousness but low in gender identification significantly underperformed when exposed to gender-relevant test instructions. No significant effects were found under a gender-irrelevant condition. These findings are discussed in the contexts of research on stereotype threat, stereotype lift, and choking under pressure.
当个体因情境压力而表现不佳时，就会出现压力下窒息。本研究考察了男性是否因被贴上正面的数学能力社会刻板印象而导致表现不佳。性别认同和自我意识被假设为调节数学性别刻板印象对男性数学测试表现的影响。当暴露于与性别相关的测试说明时，自我意识高但性别认同低的男性表现明显不佳。在无关性别条件下未发现显著影响。这些发现将在刻板印象威胁、刻板印象提升和压力下窒息的研究背景下进行讨论。
