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超越传粉综合征:花蜜生态学以及昼行性和夜行性传粉者在金合欢 sessilis(豆科)生殖成功中的作用。

Beyond the pollination syndrome: nectar ecology and the role of diurnal and nocturnal pollinators in the reproductive success of Inga sessilis (Fabaceae).

机构信息

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

出版信息

Plant Biol (Stuttg). 2013 Mar;15(2):317-27. doi: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2012.00643.x. Epub 2012 Jul 23.

Abstract

Inga species present brush-type flower morphology allowing them to be visited by distinct groups of pollinators. Nectar features in relation to the main pollinators have seldom been studied in this genus. To test the hypothesis of floral adaptation to both diurnal and nocturnal pollinators, we studied the pollination ecology of Inga sessilis, with emphasis on the nectar secretion patterns, effects of sequential removals on nectar production, sugar composition and the role of diurnal and nocturnal pollinators in its reproductive success. Inga sessilis is self-incompatible and pollinated by hummingbirds, hawkmoths and bats. Fruit set under natural conditions is very low despite the fact that most stigmas receive polyads with sufficient pollen to fertilise all ovules in a flower. Nectar secretion starts in the bud stage and flowers continually secreting nectar for a period of 8 h. Flowers actively reabsorbed the nectar a few hours before senescence. Sugar production increased after nectar removal, especially when flowers were drained during the night. Nectar sugar composition changed over flower life span, from sucrose-dominant (just after flower opening, when hummingbirds were the main visitors) to hexose-rich (throughout the night, when bats and hawkmoths were the main visitors). Diurnal pollinators contributed less than nocturnal ones to fruit production, but the former were more constant and reliable visitors through time. Our results indicate I. sessilis has floral adaptations, beyond the morphology, that encompass both diurnal and nocturnal pollinator requirements, suggesting a complementary and mixed pollination system.

摘要

Inga 物种具有刷状花形态,允许不同的传粉者群体访问。关于该属植物与主要传粉者相关的花蜜特征,很少有研究。为了检验花朵适应昼行性和夜行性传粉者的假说,我们研究了 Inga sessilis 的传粉生态学,重点研究了花蜜分泌模式、连续去除对花蜜产生的影响、糖组成以及昼行性和夜行性传粉者在其生殖成功中的作用。 Inga sessilis 是自交不亲和的,由蜂鸟、天蛾和蝙蝠授粉。尽管大多数柱头接受的花粉足以使一朵花中的所有胚珠受精,但在自然条件下,果实的结实率非常低。花蜜分泌在芽期开始,花朵会连续分泌花蜜 8 小时。花朵在衰老前几个小时会主动回吸花蜜。花蜜去除后糖的产量增加,尤其是当花蜜在夜间被排干时。花蜜的糖组成在花的寿命过程中发生变化,从蔗糖为主(刚开花时,蜂鸟是主要访客)到己糖丰富(整个夜间,蝙蝠和天蛾是主要访客)。昼行性传粉者对果实产生的贡献小于夜行性传粉者,但前者是更稳定和可靠的访客。我们的研究结果表明 Inga sessilis 具有花朵适应特征,不仅包括形态学,还包括昼行性和夜行性传粉者的需求,这表明存在一种互补和混合的传粉系统。

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