Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, United States.
Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2012 Sep-Oct;34(5):534-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ntt.2012.07.004. Epub 2012 Jul 21.
Prenatal exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF), an organophosphorus insecticide, has long been associated with delayed neurocognitive development and most recently with decrements in working memory at age 7. In the current paper, we expanded the previous work on CPF to investigate how additional biological and social environmental factors might create or explain differential neurodevelopmental susceptibility, focusing on main and moderating effects of the quality of the home environment (HOME) and child sex. We evaluate how the quality of the home environment (specifically, parental nurturance and environmental stimulation) and child sex interact with the adverse effects of prenatal CPF exposure on working memory at child age 7years. We did not observe a remediating effect of a high quality home environment (either parental nurturance or environmental stimulation) on the adverse effects of prenatal CPF exposure on working memory. However, we detected a borderline significant interaction between prenatal exposure to CPF and child sex (B (95% CI) for interaction term=-1.714 (-3.753 to 0.326)) suggesting males experience a greater decrement in working memory than females following prenatal CPF exposure. In addition, we detected a borderline interaction between parental nurturance and child sex (B (95% CI) for interaction term=1.490 (-0.518 to 3.499)) suggesting that, in terms of working memory, males benefit more from a nurturing environment than females. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation into factors that may inform an intervention strategy to reduce or reverse the cognitive deficits resulting from prenatal CPF exposure.
产前接触毒死蜱（CPF），一种有机磷杀虫剂，长期以来一直与神经认知发育迟缓有关，最近还与 7 岁时工作记忆减退有关。在目前的论文中，我们扩展了之前关于 CPF 的工作，以研究其他生物和社会环境因素如何产生或解释不同的神经发育易感性，重点是家庭环境（HOME）质量的主要和调节作用以及儿童性别。我们评估家庭环境质量（特别是父母养育和环境刺激）和儿童性别如何与产前 CPF 暴露对 7 岁儿童工作记忆的不良影响相互作用。我们没有观察到高质量家庭环境（无论是父母养育还是环境刺激）对产前 CPF 暴露对工作记忆的不良影响有补救作用。然而，我们检测到 CPF 产前暴露与儿童性别之间存在边缘显著的相互作用（交互项的 B（95%置信区间）=-1.714（-3.753 至 0.326）），表明男性在产前 CPF 暴露后工作记忆的下降幅度大于女性。此外，我们检测到父母养育与儿童性别之间存在边缘相互作用（交互项的 B（95%置信区间）=1.490（-0.518 至 3.499）），表明在工作记忆方面，男性比女性从养育环境中获益更多。据我们所知，这是首次调查可能为减少或逆转产前 CPF 暴露导致的认知缺陷的干预策略的因素。
