Pozdnyakova Natalia N
Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, Saratov 410049, Russia.
Biotechnol Res Int. 2012;2012:243217. doi: 10.1155/2012/243217. Epub 2012 Jul 4.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are natural and anthropogenic aromatic hydrocarbons with two or more fused benzene rings. Because of their ubiquitous occurrence, recalcitrance, bioaccumulation potential and carcinogenic activity, PAHs are a significant environmental concern. Ligninolytic fungi, such as Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Bjerkandera adusta, and Pleurotus ostreatus, have the capacity of PAH degradation. The enzymes involved in the degradation of PAHs are ligninolytic and include lignin peroxidase, versatile peroxidase, Mn-peroxidase, and laccase. This paper summarizes the data available on PAH degradation by fungi belonging to different ecophysiological groups (white-rot and litter-decomposing fungi) under submerged cultivation and during mycoremediation of PAH-contaminated soils. The role of the ligninolytic enzymes of these fungi in PAH degradation is discussed.
多环芳烃（PAHs）是具有两个或更多稠合苯环的天然和人为来源的芳烃。由于它们广泛存在、难降解、具有生物累积潜力和致癌活性，多环芳烃成为一个重大的环境问题。木质素分解真菌，如黄孢原毛平革菌、烟管菌和糙皮侧耳，具有降解多环芳烃的能力。参与多环芳烃降解的酶是木质素分解酶，包括木质素过氧化物酶、多功能过氧化物酶、锰过氧化物酶和漆酶。本文总结了不同生态生理组（白腐真菌和凋落物分解真菌）的真菌在液体培养以及对多环芳烃污染土壤进行真菌修复过程中降解多环芳烃的现有数据。讨论了这些真菌的木质素分解酶在多环芳烃降解中的作用。
