Nigst H
Abteilung für Chirurgie, Kantonsspital Basel.
Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 1990 Nov;22(6):283-8.
A concise history of our understanding of the wrist and carpal instability is presented. During the Middle Ages, the wrist is sometimes depicted as consisting of only one bone; Galen, however, showed that there are eight. At first, the carpal bones were simply numbered from one to eight. Only in the 17th century did Lyser of Leipzig suggest naming the individual bones, something first done by Monro of Edinburgh. Landsmeer's concept of intercalated bones in the wrist is already suggested in Galen's work. The ligaments of the wrist were described in detail by Weitbrecht in 1742. Copper plate engravings attest to the accuracy of his anatomical dissections. Progress in the understanding of carpal kinematics followed the discovery of X-rays by Röntgen, in 1895. The columnar carpus concept was to be replaced by the carpal-link concept, demonstrating the interdependent intercalary articulation of the carpal bones. The discovery of X-rays was also followed by the discovery of many post-traumatic disorders of the wrist. Following these European and particularly French contributions, further recent investigations, most notably by American authors, have led to the development of new concepts of carpal instability and carpal collapse.
本文简要介绍了我们对腕关节及腕骨不稳的认识历程。在中世纪，腕关节有时被描绘为仅由一块骨头组成；然而，盖伦指出腕关节由八块骨头组成。起初，腕骨只是简单地从一到八进行编号。直到17世纪，莱比锡的利泽尔才建议为各块骨头命名，爱丁堡的门罗首次进行了命名。盖伦的著作中已提出了兰德施米尔关于腕关节中间骨的概念。1742年，魏特布雷希特详细描述了腕关节的韧带。铜板雕刻证明了他解剖的准确性。1895年伦琴发现X射线后，对腕骨运动学的理解取得了进展。柱状腕骨概念被腕骨连接概念所取代，这表明腕骨之间存在相互依存的间插关节。发现X射线后，还发现了许多腕关节创伤后疾病。继欧洲尤其是法国的这些贡献之后，最近的进一步研究，尤其是美国学者的研究，推动了腕骨不稳和腕骨塌陷新概念的发展。
