III Unit Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, Piazza G. Cesare, 70124 Bari, Italy.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2012 Dec;17(6):310-8. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2012.06.007. Epub 2012 Jul 23.
Fetal cerebral ventriculomegaly (VM) is defined as an enlargement of the lateral ventricles of the developing fetal brain. It is diagnosed when the width of one or both lateral ventricles, measured at the level of the atrium, is ≥10 mm. VM is defined as mild when the atrial width is 10-15 mm and severe when >15 mm. VM is a non-specific sonographic sign which is common to various pathological conditions. It is frequently associated with neural and extraneural anomalies. The rate of associated malformations is higher (≥60%) in severe VM and lower (about 40%) in cases of mild VM. When an abnormality is associated with severe VM the incidence of aneuploidies is high (>15%); in isolated mild VM the mean value of aneuploidy is 2.7%. The rate of infections in severe VM is 10-20%, in mild forms 1-5%. Since the prognosis in cases of VM depends mainly on the associated anomalies, a careful examination of the fetus, particularly of the brain, is mandatory. Magnetic resonance imaging can be a useful diagnostic tool complementary to ultrasound in order to recognize subtle brain anomalies, such as neuronal migration and proliferation disorders.
胎儿脑室内扩张（VM）定义为胎儿大脑发育过程中侧脑室的扩大。当一侧或两侧侧脑室在心房水平的宽度≥10mm 时即可诊断为 VM。当心房宽度为 10-15mm 时，VM 被定义为轻度，而当宽度>15mm 时则被定义为重度。VM 是一种常见于各种病理情况的非特异性超声征象。它常与神经和神经外异常相关。在重度 VM 中，相关畸形的发生率较高（≥60%），而在轻度 VM 中则较低（约 40%）。当异常与重度 VM 相关时，非整倍体的发生率较高（>15%）；在孤立的轻度 VM 中，非整倍体的平均值为 2.7%。在重度 VM 中感染的发生率为 10-20%，在轻度形式中为 1-5%。由于 VM 病例的预后主要取决于相关的异常，因此必须对胎儿进行仔细检查，特别是对大脑进行检查。磁共振成像可以作为一种有用的诊断工具，与超声互补，以识别细微的脑异常，如神经元迁移和增殖障碍。
